Long-term influence of cyanobacterial bloom on the immune system of Litopenaeus vannamei

Guo

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Transgenerational effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) released by cyanobacterial blooms have become a hot topic. In the present study, adult zebrafish pairs were exposed to 0, 0.4, 2, and 10 μg/L MC-LR for 60 days and the embryos (F1 generation) were hatched without or with continued MC-LR exposures at the same concentrations until 5 days postfertilization (dpf). The results showed the existence of MC-LR both in F0 gonads and in F1 embryos and indicated that MC-LR could be transferred directly from the F0 adult fish to F1 offspring. The adverse effects on sex hormone levels, sexual development, and fecundity in F0 generation along with abnormal development in F1 offspring were observed. Furthermore, downregulation of antioxidant genes (cat, mn-sod, gpx1a) and upregulation of innate immune-related genes (tlr4a, myd88, tnfα, il1β) as well as increased proinflammation cytokine contents (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) were noticed in F1 offspring without/with continued MC-LR exposures. In addition, significant differences between the two F1 embryo treatments demonstrated that continuous MC-LR exposure could result in a higher degree of inflammatory response compared to those without MC-LR exposure. Our findings revealed that MC-LR could exert cross-generational effects of immunotoxicity by inhibiting the antioxidant system and activating an inflammatory response.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Transfer of Microcystin-LR-Induced Innate Immune Dysfunction of Zebrafish: A Cross-Generational Study

Guo

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

“…Soo et al [38] reported that the Melainabacteria genome does not have the ability to photosynthesis but produces energy through the anaerobic fermentation process. Cyanobacteria in the aquatic environments have been proven to delay the growth of white leg shrimp, suppress haemocyte concentration, and increase phagocytosis of haemocytes, affecting the shrimp immune system [39]. This result showed that there might be a close relationship between Cyanobacteria in the shrimp intestinal tract and those commonly found in mammalian and human guts.…”

Section: Bacterial Composition In the Rearing Pond Water And The Shri...mentioning

confidence: 85%

Assessment of Bacterial Community Profile in the Rearing Pond Environment and the Intestinal Tract of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in Lampung Province, Indonesia using 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing: A Short Research Investigation

2022

Along with the high demand for shrimp, the production challenges faced by practitioners are increasing in Indonesia, one of which is in Lampung region. Various basic monitoring techniques regarding the environment and farmed shrimp are needed to control production sustainability. This present study aimed to identify the bacterial community profile in the rearing pond water and intestinal tract of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Illumina-based sequencing was chosen to determine the bacterial community using the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Sequence data revealed the differences in bacterial community structure between the rearing water and shrimp intestines. Proteobacteria was the most prevalent phylum in the rearing water (W.B), accounting for 45.29 %, followed by Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria. In the shrimp intestinal tract (S.B), Cyanobacteria (35.15 %) dominated the microbiota, followed by Proteobacteria, Saccharibacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, TM6 (Dependentiae), and Firmicutes. Cyanobacteria were higher in the shrimp intestines (35.15 %) than in the rearing water (26.63 %). In addition, Escherichia-Shigella was the most common genera in the rearing water and shrimp intestines with different relative abundance. Cyanobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella highly detected in the rearing water and shrimp’s intestines might indicate that pond water had been polluted. Further investigation is necessary on the correlation of Cyanobacteria in the shrimp intestines with water pollution, proven by the dominance of Cyanobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella. These findings provide basic information to enhance our understanding of the microbial community and their roles in the shrimp culture environment to improve the quantity and quality of the yield and support its sustainability. HIGHLIGHTS Bacterial community profile in the rearing water and the intestinal tract of Pacific whiteleg shrimp play important roles in shrimp production Bacterial community structure differed between the rearing water and shrimp intestines Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the rearing water (W.B), while Cyanobacteria dominated the microbiota in the intestinal tract of Pacific whiteleg shrimp Cyanobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella highly detected in the rearing water and shrimp’s intestines might indicate that pond water had been polluted GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

“…GU136229) as the internal control using TB Green Premix Ex Taq II (Takara, Kyoto, Japan), following the manufacturer’s instruction. Reactions were done on the LightCycle 480 System (Roche, Mannheim, Germany), following previously described parameters [ 35 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hippo–Yki Signaling Pathway Positively Regulates Immune Response against Vibrio Infection in Shrimp

Yang

Geng

et al. 2022

IJMS

Self Cite

In the Hippo pathway, activation of Hippo and Warts (Wts) kinases results in the phosphorylation of Yorkie (Yki), to prevent its nuclear translocation. Shrimp aquaculture is threatened by Vibrio genus bacteria. In this study, we examine the role of the Hippo pathway in immune defense against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. We show that V. parahaemolyticus infection promotes the expression of Yki and facilitates the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Yki, indicating the inhibition of Hippo signaling upon bacterial infection. There is a complex regulatory relationship between the Hippo pathway components Hippo, Wts, and Yki and the immune-related transcription factors Dorsal, Relish, and STAT. Silencing of Hippo and Wts weakened hemocyte phagocytosis, while the silencing of Yki enhanced it, suggesting a positive regulation of shrimp cellular immunity by Hippo signaling activation. In vivo silencing of Hippo and Wts decreased the survival rates of V. parahaemolyticus-infected shrimp and elevated the bacterial content in tissues, while the silencing of Yki showed the opposite results. This suggests that the activation of Hippo signaling and the inhibition of Yki enhance antibacterial immunity in shrimp.