Long-term individual identification and site fidelity of white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, off California using dorsal fins

Anderson, Scot D.; Chapple, Taylor K.; Jorgensen, Salvador J.; Klimley, A. Peter; Block, Barbara A.

doi:10.1007/s00227-011-1643-5

Cited by 85 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Inter-annual residency has been shown for the scalloped hammerhead sharks at seamounts [11] and islands [12], and individuals have been demonstrated to stay in confined areas at a seamount [13] and island [14]. White sharks, identified based on unique notches in their fins or coded ultrasonic beacons, have been observed to return from September to December to Southeastern Farallon Island over multiple years [15][16][17], and to feed at particular sites around the island 15.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residency and long-distance movements of sevengill sharks (Notorhynchus cepedianus) tagged in San Francisco Bay

et al. 2017

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Background: Sevengill sharks are common inhabitants of estuaries and coastal areas and particularly abundant in San Francisco Bay (SFB). There is limited knowledge about the level of residency and migratory movements of this species. We describe the degree of residence of sevengill sharks in SFB and nearby locations, using ultrasonic tags and automated listening stations.Results: Sevengills showed a high degree of residency in SFB, particularly to the Golden Gate (GG) area where they have a strong site preference, both seasonally and inter-annually. Site fidelity was also the highest at the GG. In sharks with deployment times longer than 300 days, we found that > 80% of visits of all mature males were at GG, 80% of visits of a single mature female occurred there, > 85% of visits of most juvenile males, and > 70% of visits of most juvenile females. At GG, sharks moved into the range of the receiver day and night without a strong preference for a particular time of the day, which implies movements up and down the area day and night. At most other locations within the bay, sharks were present during daytime hours, while at Point Reyes during nighttime hours. Sharks moved into SFB during early spring and summer, and moved out of SFB to Point Reyes during late spring and fall. Three sevengill sharks migrated roughly 800 km southeastward along the coastline from SFO, one making three trips back and forth between the sites. Conclusions:There was strong evidence of residency of sharks within SFB, and sharks repeatedly returned to the same region of the bay with some sharks making long-distance movements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residency and long-distance movements of sevengill sharks (Notorhynchus cepedianus) tagged in San Francisco Bay

et al. 2017

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“…In fact, animals from at least three different phyla are able to relocate previously inhabited sites, including chordates, arthropods, and molluscs (Switzer, 1993). With respect to marine megafauna, humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), great white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias), and northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) maintain interannual site fidelity to specific seasonal habitats (Oliver et al, 1998;Wedekin et al, 2010;Anderson et al, 2011) despite undertaking long-distance migrations that span thousands of kilometers of open ocean (Le Boeuf et al, 2000;NasbyLucas and Domeier, 2012;Garrigue et al, 2015). Direct observation of the same whales, sharks, and seals in the same areas, year after year, demonstrates that all three species have well-developed navigational abilities that enable high levels of spatiotemporal movement accuracy and precision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Route Fidelity during Marine Megafauna Migration

Horton

Hauser²,

Zerbini

et al. 2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The conservation and protection of marine megafauna require robust knowledge of where and when animals are located. Yet, our ability to predict animal distributions in space and time remains limited due to difficulties associated with studying elusive animals with large home ranges. The widespread deployment of satellite telemetry technology creates unprecedented opportunities to remotely monitor animal movements and to analyse the spatial and temporal trajectories of these movements from a variety of geophysical perspectives. Reproducible patterns in movement trajectories can help elucidate the potential mechanisms by which marine megafauna navigate across vast expanses of open-ocean. Here, we present an empirical analysis of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), and northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) satellite telemetry-derived route fidelity movements in magnetic and gravitational coordinates. Our analyses demonstrate that: (1) humpback whales, great white sharks and northern elephant seals are capable of performing route fidelity movements across millions of square kilometers of open ocean with a spatial accuracy of better than 150 km despite temporal separations as long as 7 years between individual movements; (2) route fidelity movements include significant (p < 0.05) periodicities that are comparable in duration to the lunar cycles and semi-cycles; (3) latitude and bedrock-dependent gravitational cues are stronger predictors of route fidelity movements than spherical magnetic coordinate cues when analyzed with respect to the temporally dependent moon illumination cycle. We further show that both route fidelity and non-route fidelity movement trajectories, for all three species, describe overlapping in-phase or antiphase sinusoids when individual movements are normalized to the gravitational acceleration present at migratory departure sites. Although these empirical results provide an inductive basis for the development of testable hypotheses and future research questions, they cannot be taken as evidence for causal relations between marine megafauna movement decisions and geophysical cues. Experiments Horton et al.Marine Megafauna Route Fidelity on model organisms with known sensitivities to gravity and magnetism, complemented by further empirical observation of free-ranging animals, are required to fully explore how animals use discrete, or potentially integrated, geophysical cues for orientation and navigation purposes.

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“…Electronic tagging studies have presented seemingly contradictory results, with both sexes found to follow wide-ranging migratory patterns [3][4][5][6][7][8], with one female tracked across the Indian Ocean [6]. The discovery of male and female seasonal site fidelity among white sharks [2,5,12,13], termed 'philopatry' , provided the first evidence of a behavioral trait that could restrict gene flow. It has been suggested that new white shark populations are founded by straying individuals, and the tendency for philopatry is what eventually differentiates the new population from the ancestral population [5,11,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this pelagic phase, photographic identification (photo-ID) programs have shown white sharks to exhibit strong seasonal philopatry to one of two aggregation sites in the northeastern Pacific [12,13,18]: one off central California, USA, and the other at Guadalupe Island (GI), Mexico. Hundreds of sharks have been tracked from these aggregation sites, but only one individual (a sub-adult female) is known to have visited both sites [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-year migration of adult female white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) reveals widely separated nursery areas and conservation concerns

Domeier

Nasby-Lucas

2013

Anim Biotelem

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Background: Satellite tagging programs have provided detailed information about the migratory patterns of northeastern Pacific white sharks, revealing a seasonal migration between a vast offshore region and coastal aggregation sites. Although adult males undergo annual round-trip migrations, photo-identification programs have noted that sexually mature females may only visit coastal aggregation sites once every 2 years, a behavior that is presumably linked to an estimated 18-month gestation period. The whereabouts of females during their full 2-year migration were previously unknown, because of the limited battery capacity of satellite pop-up tags.

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Long-term individual identification and site fidelity of white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, off California using dorsal fins

Cited by 85 publications

References 12 publications

Residency and long-distance movements of sevengill sharks (Notorhynchus cepedianus) tagged in San Francisco Bay

Residency and long-distance movements of sevengill sharks (Notorhynchus cepedianus) tagged in San Francisco Bay

Route Fidelity during Marine Megafauna Migration

Two-year migration of adult female white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) reveals widely separated nursery areas and conservation concerns

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