Long-term in vivo degradation behaviour and biocompatibility of the magnesium alloy ZEK100 for use as a biodegradable bone implant

Dziuba, Dina; Meyer‐Lindenberg, Andrea; Seitz, Jan‐Marten; Waizy, Hazibullah; Angrisani, Nina; Reifenrath, Janin

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2012.08.028

Cited by 159 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Other studies calculated the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys after in vivo implantation and gained different results depending on the method used. 3,23,31 In vivo mCT data-based corrosion rates were generally slower 3 than corrosion rates calculated via weight loss method 31 or volume loss/pitting factor. 23 All studies including the present examinations show in common that the corrosion rate changes over the course of time, and therefore, the definite end point of degradation has to be determined by animal studies that last long enough to show the total implant degradation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the grain size on the in vivo degradation behaviour of the magnesium alloy LAE442

Ullmann

Reifenrath

Seitz

et al. 2013

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the in vivo degradation behaviour of magnesium implants with various grain sizes and damaged surfaces. For this purpose, three different LAE442 magnesium implants were produced: cast, single and double extruded implants, in order to obtain different grain sizes. Furthermore, defects were positioned on the surfaces of some of the single extruded implants. The initial stability was determined. Four pins of each implant material were implanted into rabbits' tibiae and regularly clinically, radiologically and m-computed tomographically investigated over a period of 27 weeks. Following explantation, investigations were carried out using stereo and scanning electron microscopy including energy-dispersive X-ray analyses. Weight and strength changes were measured. The double extruded implants possessing the finest grains exhibited the highest initial stability (179.18 N). These implants demonstrated the lowest in vivo corrosion rates (0.0134 mm/year) and the least radiologically visible changes. The highest corrosion rate was computed for the implants possessing damaged surfaces. Radiologically discernible bone changes occurred at almost the same time as implant changes for all groups. Based on these results, the aim should be to produce fine-grained magnesium-based alloys for resorbable implants and to avoid any surface damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the grain size on the in vivo degradation behaviour of the magnesium alloy LAE442

Ullmann

Reifenrath

Seitz

et al. 2013

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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“…17 In contrast, some studies have shown that the biocompatibility of the ZEK100 alloy appears to be questionable. 16,22 Pure magnesium possesses insufficient mechanical properties. 23 The alloying of magnesium with a large variety of elements was introduced to solve this issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative in vitro study and biomechanical testing of two different magnesium alloys

et al. 2013

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In this in vitro study, magnesium plates of ZEK100 and MgCa0.8 alloy similar to common titanium alloy osteosynthesis plates were investigated as degradable biomedical materials with a focus on primary stability. Immersion tests were performed in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution at 37 C. The bending strength of the samples was determined using the fourpoint bending test according to ISO 9585:1990. The initial strength of the noncorroded ZEK100 plate was 11% greater than that of the MgCa0.8 plate; both were approximately 65% weaker than a titanium plate. The bending strength was determined after 48 and 96 h of immersion in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution; both magnesium alloys decreased by approximately 7% after immersion for 96 h. The degradation rate and the Mg 2þ release of ZEK100 were lower than those of MgCa0.8. Strong pitting and filiform corrosion were observed in the MgCa0.8 samples after 96 h of immersion. The surface of the ZEK100 plates exhibited only small areas of filiform corrosion. The results of this in vitro study indicate that the ZEK100 alloy may be more suitable for biomedical applications.

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“…In this direction, alloys of Mg with strontium (Sr), rare earth elements, calcium (Ca), aluminum, trace levels of manganese, zinc, zirconium (Zr), silicon, etc have been used to make new generations of orthopedic implants. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] An important factor while designing these bioactive implant surfaces is the biological response of cells to the alloys, which ultimately correlates with the success of implants in the host tissue. The idealized biological efficacy of an implant would be where the implant material gets totally amalgamated with the newly formed osseous tissue and thereafter it disintegrates into the blood stream without causing damage to the vital organs or losing its functionality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zirconium, calcium, and strontium contents in magnesium based biodegradable alloys modulate the efficiency of implant-induced osseointegration

Mushahary

Sravanthi²,

Li³

et al. 2013

IJN

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Development of new biodegradable implants and devices is necessary to meet the increasing needs of regenerative orthopedic procedures. An important consideration while formulating new implant materials is that they should physicochemically and biologically mimic bone-like properties. In earlier studies, we have developed and characterized magnesium based biodegradable alloys, in particular magnesium-zirconium (Mg-Zr) alloys. Here we have reported the biological properties of four Mg-Zr alloys containing different quantities of strontium or calcium. The alloys were implanted in small cavities made in femur bones of New Zealand White rabbits, and the quantitative and qualitative assessments of newly induced bone tissue were carried out. A total of 30 experimental animals, three for each implant type, were studied, and bone induction was assessed by histological, immunohistochemical and radiological methods; cavities in the femurs with no implants and observed for the same period of time were kept as controls. Our results showed that Mg-Zr alloys containing appropriate quantities of strontium were more efficient in inducing good quality mineralized bone than other alloys. Our results have been discussed in the context of physicochemical and biological properties of the alloys, and they could be very useful in determining the nature of future generations of biodegradable orthopedic implants.

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Long-term in vivo degradation behaviour and biocompatibility of the magnesium alloy ZEK100 for use as a biodegradable bone implant

Cited by 159 publications

References 53 publications

Influence of the grain size on the in vivo degradation behaviour of the magnesium alloy LAE442

Influence of the grain size on the in vivo degradation behaviour of the magnesium alloy LAE442

Comparative in vitro study and biomechanical testing of two different magnesium alloys

Zirconium, calcium, and strontium contents in magnesium based biodegradable alloys modulate the efficiency of implant-induced osseointegration

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