Long-term Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfers in Latin America: Review of the Evidence - See more at: https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/7891#sthash.SLyeF0o9.dpuf

Abstract

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Any dispute related to the use of the works of the IDB that cannot be settled amicably shall be submitted to arbitration pursuant to the UNCITRAL rules. The use of the IDB's name for any purpose other than for attribution, and the use of IDB's logo shall be subject to a separate written license agreement between the IDB and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO license. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor mayFollowing a peer review process, and with previous written consent by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), a revised version of this work may also be reproduced in any academic journal, including those indexed by the American Economic Association's EconLit, provided that the IDB is credited and that the author(s) receive no income from the publication. Therefore, the restriction to receive income from such publication shall only extend to the publication's author(s). With regard to such restriction, in case of any inconsistency between the Creative Commons IGO 3.0 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license and these statements, the latter shall prevail.Note that link provided above includes additional terms and conditions of the license. AbstractWe review the literature on the long-term impacts of Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs in Latin America. Long-term impacts are defined as those that both: 1) are related to the accumulation of human capital, and; 2) are observed after beneficiary children have reached a later stage of the life-cycle. We focus on two life-cycle transitions. The first is children exposed to CCTs in utero or early childhood, who have then transitioned to school ages. The second is children exposed to CCTs during school ages, who have then transitioned to early adulthood. The evidence is inconclusive. The experimental literature finds consistent positive long-term effects on schooling, as well as some positive impacts on cognitive skills and learning, socioemotional skills and off-farm employment and income. However, many other estimates are not statistically different from zero and it is often not possible to discern whether this is due to lack of impact or to methodological shortcomings in the evaluation studies. Non-experimental evidence also is mixed. Developing further opportunities for analyses with rigorous identification strategies for the measurement of long-term impacts should be high on the research agenda. As original beneficiaries continue to age, this should also be increasingly po...

Educational Impacts and Cost-Effectiveness of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs in Developing Countries: A Meta-Analysis

“…Snilstveit et al (2015) find the average effect of CCTs on math and language test scores is close to zero. Molina-Millan, Barham, Macours, Maluccio, and Stampini (2016) review evidence of CCT impacts on educational outcomes in Latin America and report effect sizes ranging from 0.5 to 1 additional years of schooling. However, some of these estimates have a high risk of internal validity due to attrition bias (Molina-Millan et al, 2016).…”

“…Molina-Millan, Barham, Macours, Maluccio, and Stampini (2016) review evidence of CCT impacts on educational outcomes in Latin America and report effect sizes ranging from 0.5 to 1 additional years of schooling. However, some of these estimates have a high risk of internal validity due to attrition bias (Molina-Millan et al, 2016). Also, evidence on other long-term outcomes such as access to tertiary education, participation in the labor market, and earnings is still very limited.…”

“…Also, evidence on other long-term outcomes such as access to tertiary education, participation in the labor market, and earnings is still very limited. Molina-Millan et al (2016) suggest that evidence on the long-term effects of CCTs remains inconclusive.…”

Social Assistance Expansion and Political Inclusion in Latin America

“…The social investment orientation of conditional income transfers, difficult to rationalise in the policy exchange framework, fits in well within an inclusion perspective. In the medium-term and longer-term, the expectation is that children's improvement in health and schooling will improve their labour market opportunities, occupational choice, and productivity (Kugler and Rojas, 2018;Molina-Millan et al, 2016). Social investment components aim to break the intergenerational persistence of poverty and could be reasonably expected to influence the "life prospects" of disadvantaged groups.…”

Direct Cash Transfers in Emerging Economies: The Case of India

“…On evaluating the impact of a Pilot CCT Scheme focused on Maternal and Child Health Services for rural women in Nigeria, Okoli et al (2014) found favorable outcomes though beneficiary retention remained a challenge. Molina-Millan et al (2016) reviewed the literature from three CCT schemes each from the countries of Mexico, Nicaragua, and Colombia and found that most studies endorsed the short-term positive impacts such as poverty alleviation, better child nutrition, and health as well as educational attainment. McCrary and Royer (2011), Sen (1999), Behrman (1996), and Rasella et al (2013) all proved that Bolsa Familia and other CCTs have a substantial positive impact on under-five mortality from malnutrition, preventive health services as well as school enrolment.…”