Long‐term impact on a closed household of pet cats of natural infection with feline coronavirus, feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus

Addie, Diane; Dennis, John; Tóth, S; Callanan, John J.; Reid, S. W. J.; Jarrett, Oswald

doi:10.1136/vr.146.15.419

Cited by 80 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In Brazil, vaccine is only available for FeLV. The high mortality rate induced by FeLV (Addie et al, 2000) and the different courses of the infection that can develop through virus-host interactions may also explain the low frequency of infection that we observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 27%

“…In our study, contact with other cats was correlated with infection, although the owners did not identify aggressive behavior in relation to other cats. Addie et al (2000) proposed that FIV transmission is possible even without the presence of aggression among cats, such that mutual contact between FIV-positive cats and susceptible cats, or sharing of feeding bowls, could be sufficient for transmission of viruses. We also made a correlation between living in peri-urban areas and higher chances of contact between negative cats and FIV-infected cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus: frequency and associated factors in cats in northeastern Brazil

Lacerda¹,

Silva²,

Freitas³

et al. 2017

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Our aims were to determine the frequencies of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in owned and stray cats in the northeastern region of Brazil, ascertain the status of FeLV infection, and investigate potential associated factors among the owned cats. Blood samples from 200 asymptomatic owned cats and 30 stray cats were processed using nested PCR and commercial immunochromatographic tests to diagnose infections. To evaluate the factors associated with FIV and/or FeLV in owned cats, a semistructured interview was conducted with each owner about the animal's environment, and these data were subjected to unconditional logistic regression. The frequencies for owned cats were 6% (12/200) and 3% (6/200) for FIV and FeLV, respectively. No owned cat was positive for both viruses. Stray cats showed frequencies of 6.66% (2/30) and 0% (0/30) for FIV and FeLV, respectively. Contact with other cats and living in peri-urban areas were considered to be risk factors (P < 0.05) for FIV. We did not identify any factors associated with infections with 2 L.C. Lacerda et al. Genetics and Molecular Research 16 (2): gmr16029633FeLV. Our results confirm the presence of these two retroviruses in the region under study. Our use of different diagnostic techniques allowed us to determine the frequency of retroviruses in the feline population more accurately, particularly with regard to infections by FeLV, which have complex pathogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 27%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus: frequency and associated factors in cats in northeastern Brazil

Lacerda¹,

Silva²,

Freitas³

et al. 2017

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…Furthermore, FIVpositive cats coinfected with other viruses often develop more severe symptoms (Pedersen et al 1990;Addie et al 2000); these other viruses include those known to cause high mortality in neonates, such as feline coronavirus and calicivirus. A number of viruses, including representatives of the mentioned groups, commonly infect cougars in the studied populations (Biek et al 5 ), raising the possibility of negative synergistic effects of different pathogens.…”

Section: Effects On Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Examining effects of persistent retroviral infection on fitness and pathogen susceptibility in a natural feline host

Biek¹,

Ruth²,

Murphy³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Zool.

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Many animal populations carry endemic (i.e., permanently present) viruses but few studies have assessed the demographic consequences of these infections under natural conditions. We examined the effects of chronic infection with FIV Pco , a feline retrovirus, on the fitness and pathogen susceptibility of its natural host, the cougar (Puma concolor (L., 1771)), in the wild. Based on data obtained through intensive monitoring of 160 cougars from two populations, we estimated survival and different measures of host fecundity of infected and uninfected individuals. In addition, we used serological data collected from 207 cougars to test whether FIV Pco predisposes individuals to a higher probability of infection with other pathogens. We found no evidence for an overall reduction in survival due to FIV Pco when accounting for other sources of demographic variation (age, sex, and population). There was a consistent but nonsignificant trend towards poorer reproductive performance in FIV Pco -infected females. We found no serological evidence for a higher probability of secondary infections associated with FIV Pco . Overall, these results support the premise that chronic FIV Pco infection is asymptomatic in its natural cougar host, probably because of a long evolutionary association between virus and host. However, results of stochastic simulations indicate that only larger reductions in annual survival (>20%) can be excluded with confidence. Also, the possibility of a so far unrecognized cost of FIV Pco infection on cougar fecundity remains.Résumé : La plupart des populations animales portent des virus endémiques, c'est-à-dire présents en permanence, mais peu d'études ont évalué les conséquences démographiques de ces infections en conditions naturelles. Nous avons examiné les effets d'une infection chronique à FIV Pco , un rétrovirus félin, sur la fitness et la vulnérabilité aux pathogènes chez son hôte naturel, le couguar (Puma concolor (L., 1771)), en nature. D'après des données d'observation suivie de 160 couguars de deux populations, nous avons estimé la survie et diverses mesures de la fécondité de l'hôte chez des individus infectés et sains. De plus, des données sérologiques prélevées sur 207 couguars nous ont servi à vérifier si la présence de FIV Pco prédispose les individus à de plus fortes probabilités d'infection par d'autres agents pathogènes. Il n'y a pas d'indication d'une réduction globale de la survie à cause de FIV Pco , une fois qu'on a tenu compte des autres sources de variation démographique (âge, sexe, population). Il y a une tendance soutenue mais non significative d'une performance reproductive moindre chez les femelles infectées au FIV Pco . Il n'y a pas d'indication sérologique d'une probabilité plus grande d'infections secondaires associée au FIV Pco . Dans leur ensemble, ces résultats appuient la pré-misse que l'infection chronique au FIV Pco est non symptomatique chez son hôte naturel le couguar, ce qui est probablement facilité par une longue association entre le virus et son hôte au cours d...

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“…at this stage an effective or non-effective immune response may occur. If the immune response is not effective, the virus spreads to the spleen, lymph nodes, intestines and bladder epithelial cells, salivary glands and bone marrow, infecting mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood (aDDIe et al, 2000). the outcome of FeLV infection in domestic cats varies (permanent, temporary or asymptomatic), in relation to amount of provirus, where permanently infected cats have a higher amount of provirus and weak humoral immune response (hOFMaNN-LehMaNN et al, 2001).…”

Section: N Rudan Et Al: Clinical and Haematological Parameters Of Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a one-year-old FIV+ cat had engrossed thymus and lymph nodes, two cats had an unevenly shaped formation in the epigastrium. Some researchers showed that infection with feline retroviruses can induce kidney lesions due to clusters of immune complexes in the kidney tissue (DUNhaM and GrahaM, 2008;aDDIe et al, 2000).…”

Section: N Rudan Et Al: Clinical and Haematological Parameters Of Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of clinical and haematological parameters in differentiation of feline immunodeficiency and feline leukemia virus infection

Rudan

Marković²,

Kučer

2017

Vet. arhiv

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For this retrospective study clinical, haematological and virology parameters were analysed from 21 cats received at the Clinic for Internal Diseases of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, with severe clinical signs of feline leukaemia, feline immunodeficiency, or both diseases. The cats were of different breeds, different ages and forms of care. the history of the disease, temperature and breathing frequency were recorded for each cat. The presence of specific antibodies for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) was detected in serum samples from 10 cats, four females and six males. the presence of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen was detected in 8 serum samples, from two females and six males. three cats were FIV and FeLV positive, all of them male cats. Male cats and those with outdoor access are more often susceptible to infections. FeLV+ and FF+ (FeLV and FIV) cats are generally younger, than FIV + cats (seven of eight FeLV + cats are between 1 and 5 yrs old). Differences were noticed between FeLV and FIV positive animals in terms of haematological and biochemical values. Increased values for leukocytes, segmented and non-segmented neutrophils in cats positive for FeLV, FIV or both viruses were mainly determined, as well as a decreased number of thrombocytes, erythrocytes, hb, hMt and MCV values in the majority of animals studied. In FeLV+ animals alterations in the number of lymphocytes (lymphocytosis and lymphopenia) were more prominent compared to FIV+ animals, in which leucocytosis was more prominent. No relationship between the severity of clinical symptoms and the age and sex of the animals was found.

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Long‐term impact on a closed household of pet cats of natural infection with feline coronavirus, feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus

Cited by 80 publications

References 14 publications

Feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus: frequency and associated factors in cats in northeastern Brazil

Feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus: frequency and associated factors in cats in northeastern Brazil

Examining effects of persistent retroviral infection on fitness and pathogen susceptibility in a natural feline host

Evaluation of clinical and haematological parameters in differentiation of feline immunodeficiency and feline leukemia virus infection

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