Long‐term impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic carbon dynamics in a rice‐ wheat system

Dutta, D. J.; Singh, Vinod Kumar; Upadhyay, Pravin Kumar; Meena, Amrit Lal; Kumar, Amit; Mishra, Raj Kumar; Dwivedi, B. S.; Shukla, Arvind Kumar; Yadav, Gulab Singh; Tewari, R. B.; Kumar, Vinod; Kumar, Ankur; Panwar, A. S.

doi:10.1002/ldr.4267

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 67 publications

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“…The rice-wheat system (RWS) is the largest agricultural production system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of South Asia, spanning nearly 14 million hectares of land [ 1 ]. While being crucial for ensuring future food security and the livelihood of millions of people in South Asia [ 2 ], the RWS has encountered challenges due to declining soil health [ 3 ] depleting ground water resources [ 4 ], the practice of monocropping cereal-cereal systems, rising climate variability [ 5 , 6 ], and evolving socio-economic dynamics [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System of wheat intensification (SWI): Effects on lodging resistance, photosynthetic efficiency, soil biomes, and water productivity

Singh,

Upadhyay,

Dhar

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Intense cultivation with narrow row spacing in wheat, a common practice in the Indo-Gangetic plains of South Asia, renders the crop more susceptible to lodging during physiological maturity. This susceptibility, compounded by the use of traditional crop cultivars, has led to a substantial decline in overall crop productivity. In response to these challenges, a two-year field study on the system of wheat intensification (SWI) was conducted. The study involved three different cultivation methods in horizontal plots and four wheat genotypes in vertical plots, organized in a strip plot design. Our results exhibited that adoption of SWI at 20 cm × 20 cm resulted in significantly higher intercellular CO2 concentration (5.9–6.3%), transpiration rate (13.2–15.8%), stomatal conductance (55–59%), net photosynthetic rate (126–160%), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception (1.6–25.2%) over the existing conventional method (plant geometry 22.5 cm × continuous plant to plant spacing) of wheat cultivation. The lodging resistance capacity of both the lower and upper 3rd nodes was significantly higher in the SWI compared to other cultivation methods. Among different genotypes, HD 2967 demonstrated the highest recorded value for lodging resistance capacity, followed by HD 2851, HD 3086, and HD 2894. In addition, adoption of the SWI at 20 cm × 20 cm enhanced crop grain yield by 36.9–41.6%, and biological yield by 27.5–29.8%. Significantly higher soil dehydrogenase activity (12.06 μg TPF g-1 soil hr-1), arylsulfatase activity (82.8 μg p-nitro phenol g-1 soil hr-1), alkaline phosphatase activity (3.11 n moles ethylene g-1 soil hr-1), total polysaccharides, soil microbial biomass carbon, and soil chlorophyll content were also noted under SWI over conventional method of the production. Further, increased root volumes, surface root density and higher NPK uptake were recorded under SWI at 20×20 cm in comparison to rest of the treatments. Among the tested wheat genotypes, HD-2967 and HD-3086 had demonstrated notable increases in grain and biological yields, as well as improvements in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and chlorophyll content. Therefore, adoption of SWI at 20 cm ×20 cm (square planting) with cultivars HD 2967 might be the best strategy for enhancing crop productivity and resource-use efficiency under the similar wheat growing conditions of India and similar agro-ecotypes of the globe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System of wheat intensification (SWI): Effects on lodging resistance, photosynthetic efficiency, soil biomes, and water productivity

Singh,

Upadhyay,

Dhar

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Soil organic carbon pools under long-term mineral and organic amendments: a multisite study

Liu,

Zhang,

Lou

et al. 2024

Carbon Res.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) has various pools with different stabilization mechanisms. It is unclear how these SOC pools respond to various mineral and organic amendments depending on a large climate-soil gradient. Here, we studied in three zonal soils: Ferralic Cambisol (subtropic), Calcaric Cambisol (warm-temperate) and Luvic Phaeozem (mid-temperate) under 23-year mineral, straw and manure amendments. Six SOC sub-pools were isolated: unprotected, physically, chemically, biochemically, physico-chemically and physico-biochemically protected pools. Compared to initial level, SOC and most sub-pools increased in the three soils under manure application (p < 0.05), but little under straw and mineral amendments. The Luvic Phaeozems had much higher sequestration efficiencies of bulk SOC (27%) and its five sub-pools (5–7%) more than the Calcaric Cambisol (9%, 1–2%) and Ferralic Cambisol (9%, 0.5–1%). In contrast, Ferralic Cambisol had highest sequestration efficiency of unprotected pool (7%). The Calcaric Cambisol had divergent patterns of the six SOC pools compared with Luvic Phaeozems and Ferralic Cambisol, due to the low clay content. With the build-up of bulk SOC, the building-up abilities of non-protected, physically-, chemically- and biochemically-protected pools depended on soil type, while the building-up abilities of physico-chemically- and physico-biochemically-protected pools were convergent (12–19%) among soils. In conclusion, the Luvic Phaeozems had much higher build-up ability of bulk SOC and most sub-pools than the other two soils. With the build-up of SOC, the physico-chemically- and physico-biochemically-protected pools (most stable) had convergent response rates among soils, while the other pools had divergent response rates. Graphical Abstract

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Organic amendment in climate change mitigation: Challenges in an era of micro- and nanoplastics

Owusu,

Adomako,

Qiao

2024

Science of The Total Environment

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Long‐term impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic carbon dynamics in a rice‐ wheat system

Cited by 9 publications

References 67 publications

System of wheat intensification (SWI): Effects on lodging resistance, photosynthetic efficiency, soil biomes, and water productivity

System of wheat intensification (SWI): Effects on lodging resistance, photosynthetic efficiency, soil biomes, and water productivity

Soil organic carbon pools under long-term mineral and organic amendments: a multisite study

Organic amendment in climate change mitigation: Challenges in an era of micro- and nanoplastics

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