Long-term in situ air quality assessment in closed environments: A gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry applicability study

Abstract

Contemporary life is mostly spent in indoor spaces like private houses, workplaces, vehicles and public facilities. Nonetheless, the air quality in these closed environments is often poor which leads to people being exposed to a vast range of toxic and hazardous compounds. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are among the main factors responsible for the lack of air quality in closed spaces and, in addition, some of them are particularly hazardous to the human organism. Considering this fact, we conducted daily in situ air analyses over 1 year using a gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) device in an indoor location. The obtained results show that 10 VOCs were consistently present in the indoor air throughout the entire year, making them particularly important for controlling air quality. All of these compounds were successfully identified, namely acetic acid, acetone, benzene, butanol, ethanol, isobutanol, propanoic acid, propanol, 2-propanol and tert-butyl methyl ether. The behaviour of the total VOCs (tVOCs) intensity during the period of analysis and the relative variation between consecutive months were studied. It was observed that the overall trend of tVOCs closely mirrored the variation of air temperature throughout the year suggesting their strong correlation. The results obtained from this study demonstrate the high quality and relevance of the data, highlighting the suitability of GC-IMS for in situ long-term air quality assessment in indoor environments and, consequently, for identifying potential health risks for the human organism in both short-term and long-term exposure scenarios.

Using Gas Chromatography‐Ion Mobility Spectrometry to Investigate Volatile Compound Profiles in Human Sweat during COVID‐19 Vaccination

“…These could offer the remarkable capacity in qualitative and quantitative analysis of VOCs in the concentration ranges down to parts-per-billion or parts-per-trillion. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Statistical analysis could then be applied to analyze GC-IMS results, classify samples into different groups and propose possible volatile markers for several tasks such as disease screening. Breath has been used for COVID-19 screening test based on analysis of the volatile markers, e. g. aldehyde such as methylpent-2-enal, [35][36][37] ethanal and octanal, [38] leading to development of breath-test electronic nose sensors for the screening.…”

Suitability of Short- and Long-Term Storage of Volatile Organic Compounds Samples in Syringe-Based Containers: A Comparison Study

“…Since the analysis of volatile samples highly depends on robust storage and analysis methods, there is a need to employ advanced analytical techniques that enable the application of gas analysis for healthcare (i.e., screening multiple health conditions/diseases using exhaled air [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ] and air quality control applications [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]). Environmental monitoring involves the assessment of air quality in various settings, such as industrial sites, urban areas, and indoor environments, to ensure compliance with regulations and to evaluate potential health risks [ 12 ].…”