Long-term high-P fertilizer input shifts soil P cycle genes and microorganism communities in dryland wheat production systems

Exploring root architecture and rhizosphere biology in fourteen winter wheat varieties released in Chile from 1965 to 2020

“…Unlike that study, our wheat crops received a high dose of triple superphosphate fertilizer prior to sowing and initially had a high concentration of P in the soil. In relation to this, a study by Liu et al (2023) determined that high P inputs (200 kg ha − 1 yr − 1 ) reduce the relative abundance of genes involved in the P cycle because high doses of P block the signal transduction pathway among the main genes encoding the regulation of the P starvation response (phoR and phoP) and regulating the higha nity phosphate-speci c transport system (pst). However, their results showed that P-ase genes (phoN, aphA, and olpA) increased with long-term P in ux and alkaline phosphatase (P-al) genes (phoA and phoD) decreased.…”

“…Deeper, denser, and larger diameter roots lead to higher yields due to their greater e ciency in nutrient acquisition (Severini et al 2020;Wen et al 2022). P is a nutrient that tends to bind to soil clays, hindering its mobility and having to be absorbed by the roots through the diffusion mechanism (de Souza Campos et al 2021), where AMF colonization favors this process, occurring mainly under P-limited conditions since high P application limits AMF community structure (Qin et al 2020) and the action of some enzymes essential for P mineralization (Liu et al 2023). On the other hand, when P is scarce, plants increase the release of organic compounds such as carboxylates to dissolve inorganic P in the soil (Pi).…”

“…On the other hand, when P is scarce, plants increase the release of organic compounds such as carboxylates to dissolve inorganic P in the soil (Pi). This can also be achieved indirectly by signaling to the AMF through the distribution of photosynthates (Wen et al 2022), This is further reinforced by the work of enzymes such as acid phosphatase (P-ase), which play a role in the mineralization of organic phosphorus (Po) (Liu et al 2023;Nazareno et al 2020). P can also be obtained from organic matter.…”

“…During the early stages of a wheat plant's life cycle, there is a high demand for P. The uptake of P and the development of roots occur before shoot growth (Romer and Schilling 1986). When the plant is in a P-de cient environment, it generates strategies to acquire this element, such as the modi cation of the root system or the secretion of phosphatase enzymes (also released by P-solubilizing microorganisms), which are essential to mineralize soil Po (de Souza Campos et al 2021;Liu et al 2023;Wu et al 2021). However, our results indicated that phosphatase activity was signi cantly lower during the tillering stage.…”

The core microbiota as a predictor of soil functional traits promotes soil nutrient cycling and wheat production in dryland farming

“…The availability of soil phosphorus (P) is a main factor that restricts the primary productivity of terrestrial crops and plays a crucial role in global food security and sustainable agroecosystems (Du et al, 2020). Organic P and inorganic P are the main P components in the soil, which require mineralization and solubilization before they can be absorbed and utilized by plants (García‐Velázquez et al, 2020; Liu, Gao, Yang, Gao, et al, 2023). Soil microbes play an indispensable role in enhancing P availability through the synthesis and secretion of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in soils (Xu et al, 2021).…”