Long-Term Heavy-Grazing Effects on Soil and Vegetation in the Four Corners Region

Orodho, Apollo B.; Trlica, M. J.; Bonham, Charles D.

doi:10.2307/3671979

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with Orodho et al (1990) when comparing heavily grazed and non-grazed areas. It is likely that early defoliation prior to the growing season, which removed all dead plant material, allowed vigorous growth of new tillers, a phenomenon that would account for the lack of detrimental effects of our defoliation treatment on basal cover of understory vegetation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Response of understory vegetation and soil moisture to infrequent heavy defoliation of chemically thinned juniper woodland

Garduño

Fernald

Cibils

et al. 2010

Journal of Arid Environments

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Response of understory vegetation and soil moisture to infrequent heavy defoliation of chemically thinned juniper woodland

Garduño

Fernald

Cibils

et al. 2010

Journal of Arid Environments

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“…Grazing has also repeatedly been shown to increase soil compaction and thus decrease water infiltration (Alderfer & Robinson 1949;Orr 1960;Rauzi & Hanson 1966;Bryant et al 1972;Rauzi & Smith 1973;Kauffman & Krueger 1984;Abdel-Magid et al 1987;Orodho et al 1990). In arid and semiarid lands where water is the primary ecological limiting factor, major losses of water from ecosystems can lead to severe desertification.…”

Section: Alteration Of Ecosystem Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Costs of Livestock Grazing in Western North America

Fleischner

1994

Conservation Biology

873

623

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Livestock grazing is the most widespread land manageraent pracPice in western North America Seventy percent of the western United States is grazea~ including wilderhess area~ tvlldlife refuge& national forest~ and even some national park~ The ecological costs of this nearly ubiqui. tous form of land use can be drarr~pi~ Examples of such costs include loss of biodiversity; lowering of population densities for a wide variety of taxa~ disruption of ecosystem funcPion~ including nutrient cycling and succession,, change in community organization; and change in the physical characteristics of both terrestrial and aquatic habitat~ Because livestock congregate in riparian ecosysten~ which are among the biologically richest habitats in arid and semiarid region~ the ecological costs of grazing are magnified in these site~ Range science has traditionally been laden with economic assumppions favoring resource use Conservation biologists are encouraged to contribute to the ongoing social and scientific dialogue on grazing issuex Costus ecol6gicos del pastoreo de ganado en el oeste de Estados Unidos Resumen: El pastoreo de ganado es la prdcpica de manejo de la tierra mds ampliamente upilizada en el oeste de Norte Am~xt E1 setenta por ctento del oeste de Estados Untdos se upiliza para pustoreo, incluyendo dreas silvestreg refugios de vida silvestre, bosques nacionales e inclusive algunos parques nacionale& El costo ecol6gico de esta forma ubicua de uso de ia Pierra puede set dramdpico. Ejemplos de este costo incluyen pdrdida de ia biodiversidad; decrecimiento de las densidades de poblaci6n para una amplia variedad de taxone~, alteraciones en ias funciones del ecosistem, incluyendo ciclos de nutrientes y sucesiones; cambios en ia organizaci6n de la comunidad y cambios en las caracteris. Picas flsicas de hdhitas terrestres y acudpico~ Dado que el ganado se congrega en ecosistemas ribere~og los cuales estdn entre los hdbitas biol6gicamente mds ricos dentro de ias regiones dridas y semi.dridag los costos ecol6gicos del pastoreo se magnifican en estos siPio& Tradicionalment~ la ciencia de Pastizale~ ha estado cargada de suposiciones, eco-n6micas que favorecen el uso del recurso. Se alienta a los bi61ogos conservacionistus a contribuir al didlogo social y ctenttflco en los problemas del pastoreo.

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“…Areas around our cattle congregation sites (0.9 to 1.7 m) may have reduced soil aggregate stability, with surface becomes crusted which can be correlated to bare soil and higher soil bulk density. Similarly, Orodho et al (1990) reported that heavy grazing caused an 8% increase in soil bulk density (1.4 to 1.5 g cm −3 ) in sandy loam. Once a soil is compacted, the bulk density and the strength of the soil are increased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Long-term effect of cow congregation zone on soil penetrometer resistance: implications for soils and forage quality

Sigua

Coleman

2009

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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-Higher degree of soil penetrometer resistance can reduce forage yields and can lead to water and soil quality degradation due to increased runoff and soil structure destruction. The inability of roots to penetrate in soils with high penetrometer resistance will result in decreased yield. With less root penetration into the soil, root mass is reduced and plant's ability to take up nutrients is reduced. To test whether cattle congregation sites typical on most forage-based cow-calf ranches, such as mineral feeders, water troughs, and shaded areas are more compacted and have greater soil penetrometer resistance than in other pasture locations under Florida conditions, soil penetrometer resistance data around and beneath three cattle congregation sites in established (>10 yr) grazed beef cattle pastures were collected in 2004, 2005 and 2006. Penetrometer readings were collected from two soil depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) at different locations around the cattle congregation sites following radial (every 90 degrees: north, south, east, and west direction) sampling patterns at 0.9, 1.7, 3.3, 6.7, 13.3, 26.7 and 53.3 m away from the approximate center of cattle congregation sites . Results showed that area around or near cattle congregation sites tended to have higher soil penetrometer resistance values than in other locations within pasture field because of the frequent concentration of cattle around the different cattle congregation sites. Soil penetrometer resistance decreases linearly with distance away from the center of mineral feeders and water troughs; however, soil penetrometer resistance at the shaded areas was showing slight increase with distance away from the center. The least soil penetrometer resistance in all years were observed from shaded areas (1 200 × 10 3 Pa) while soil penetrometer resistance at water troughs was about 1 600 × 10 3 Pa and at mineral feeders of 1 800 × 10 3 Pa. These values were in the "fair" range of root penetration. Penetrometer resistance of soils can be a good predictor of root system performance and especially useful in predicting root extension into the deeper regions of the root zone at the congregation zone and grazing zone in pasture.beef cattle / congregation sites / sustainability / agriculture / forage-based pastures

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Long-Term Heavy-Grazing Effects on Soil and Vegetation in the Four Corners Region

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Response of understory vegetation and soil moisture to infrequent heavy defoliation of chemically thinned juniper woodland

Response of understory vegetation and soil moisture to infrequent heavy defoliation of chemically thinned juniper woodland

Ecological Costs of Livestock Grazing in Western North America

Long-term effect of cow congregation zone on soil penetrometer resistance: implications for soils and forage quality

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