Long-term health effects of repeated exposure to multiple vaccines

Pittman, Phillip R.; Coonan, Kevin M.; Gibbs, Paul; Scott, Helen; Cannon, Timothy Lewis; McKee, Kelly T.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.06.026

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…This study is a view of health outcomes from a different perspective than could be obtained from assessing outpatient visits, hospitalization records, disability evaluations, or passive surveillance reports. 11,18,27 Conclusions drawn from this study must consider the limitations of the analysis. Because of the population studied, the safety of this vaccine in populations such as children, the elderly, pregnant women, or chronically ill individuals cannot be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,25 This report adds to the evidence obtained in cohort studies spanning 1 or more years of observation after anthrax immunization. 10,17,18,20,26,27 This study relies on information obtained prospectively as a requirement of military service and not as a result of change in health status. The physical examination and laboratory data collected is comprehensive and collected in a standardized fashion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessing the Safety of Anthrax Immunization in US Army Aircrew Members via Physical Examination

Downing

Greig

Quattlebaum

et al. 2007

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Safety of Anthrax Immunization in US Army Aircrew Members via Physical Examination

Downing

Greig

Quattlebaum

et al. 2007

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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show abstract

“…As the target population grew, so too did concerns over the efficacy, cumbersome regimen (6 shots over 18 months and an annual booster), and possible side effects of the AVA vaccine (Pittman et al, 2001; Swanson-Biearman and Krenzelok, 2001; Geier and Geier, 2002; Greidanus and Honl, 2002; Hoffman et al, 2003; Lange et al, 2003; Wasserman et al, 2003; Geier and Geier, 2004; Hunter et al, 2004; Pittman et al, 2004; Grabenstein et al, 2006; Vasudev and Zacharisen, 2006; McNeil et al, 2007; Payne et al, 2007; Smith et al, 2007). Much energy has been devoted to investigating and addressing these concerns (Friedlander et al, 1999; Joellenbeck et al, 2002; Niu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Toxin-based Anthrax Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthrax vaccination strategies

Cybulski

Sanz

O'Brien

2009

Molecular Aspects of Medicine

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The biological attack conducted through the U.S. postal system in 2001 broadened the threat posed by anthrax from one pertinent mainly to soldiers on the battlefield to one understood to exist throughout our society. The expansion of the threatened population placed greater emphasis on the reexamination of how we vaccinate against Bacillus anthracis. The currently-licensed Anthrax Vaccine, Adsorbed (AVA) and Anthrax Vaccine, Precipitated (AVP) are capable of generating a protective immune response but are hampered by shortcomings that make their widespread use undesirable or infeasible. Efforts to gain U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for licensure of a second generation recombinant protective antigen (rPA)-based anthrax vaccine are ongoing. However, this vaccine's reliance on the generation of a humoral immune response against a single virulence factor has led a number of scientists to conclude that the vaccine is likely not the final solution to optimal anthrax vaccine design. Other vaccine approaches, which seek a more comprehensive immune response targeted at multiple components of the B. anthracis organism, are under active investigation. This review seeks to summarize work that has been done to build on the current PA-based vaccine methodology and to evaluate the search for future anthrax prophylaxis strategies.

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“…The military immunization experience includes long-term follow-up of laboratory personnel who received multiple common and exotic vaccines. (205,(222)(223)(224)(225)(226)(227) A formalin-inactivated typhus vaccine was primarily provided to troops serving in Europe during World War II and then in the Korean and Vietnam wars. Plotz and colleagues at WRAIR helped purify the specific antigen.…”

Section: Poliovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several of the cohort studies span observation for multiple years after immunization. (179,198,199,201,205,206) After the National Academy of Sciences heard from vaccinees and comprehensively reviewed the accumulated scientific data, it concluded that anthrax vaccine has an adversereaction profile similar to other adult vaccines. (179) The AFEB concurred.…”

Section: Anthraxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization to Protect the U.S. Armed Forces: Heritage, Current Practice, Prospects

Greenwood¹,

Grabenstein²,

Pittman³

2005

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Immunization to Protect the U.S. Armed Forces 2 REPORT DATE Immunization to Protect the U.S. Armed Forces:Heritage, Current Practice, ProspectsImmunization protects the personal health of United States military personnel and maintains their mission readiness. The immunization program of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is broad-ranging, protecting the forces from an array of pathogenic threats. Because the active and reserve components of the U.S. DoD consist of over 2.2 million people at any given time, the program immunizes a significant percentage of the U.S. adult population.This article updates and expounds on previous reviews of the U.S. military immunization program, (1-7) discussing historical perspectives, the rationale for current immunization policies, and future prospects. Military immunization requirements often exceed those provided to civilian adults, because of the travel and other occupational hazards confronted by soldiers, marines, sailors, airmen, and coast guardsmen. Military immunization requirements are quite similar for each of the five Armed Forces (i.e., Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard). The requirements and recommendations are described in a joint immunization regulation, (8) summarized in table 1.Immunizations have both direct benefit to the recipient and indirect benefit to the people in the community the vaccinee resides in or works with (i.e., "herd immunity"). "Herd immunity" or "community immunity" results when a decreased number of susceptible people and the decreased excretion of infectious particles impairs disease transmission. In military settings, the indirect benefit takes on an additional dimension, insofar as an immunized service member is less likely to succumb to a disease that threatens his or her team's mission. By staying healthy, the immunized service member helps other team members accomplish their mission and return home safely. Due to both direct and indirect benefits, most U.S. military immunizations are required, rather than voluntary. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate records used to document immunizations of troops during World War II.Senior preventive-medicine officers from the five Armed Services develo...

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Long-term health effects of repeated exposure to multiple vaccines

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Assessing the Safety of Anthrax Immunization in US Army Aircrew Members via Physical Examination

Assessing the Safety of Anthrax Immunization in US Army Aircrew Members via Physical Examination

Anthrax vaccination strategies

Immunization to Protect the U.S. Armed Forces: Heritage, Current Practice, Prospects

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