Long-term gravitational deformation of rocks by mass rock creep

Chigira, Masahiro

doi:10.1016/0013-7952(92)90043-x

Cited by 243 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The Yotagiri watershed has a much higher density of shallow landslides (23 km 2 ) than the Koshibu watershed (2 km 2 ). Several deep-seated landslide scars, or linear depressions, related to the mass rock creep (Chigira, 1992) can be found in the Koshibu area.…”

Section: Current Distribution Of Landslide Scarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of subsurface water flow paths on hillslope hydrological processes, landslides and landform development in steep mountains of Japan

Onda

Tsujimura

Tabuchi

2004

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Hydrological monitoring was conducted in high-relief watersheds in the Japan Alps to investigate the relationship between hillslope hydrological processes and landform evolution in steep granite and shale mountains. In the Koshibu watershed, underlain by Mesozoic shale, the drainage density and frequency was significantly lower than in the Yotagiri watershed underlain by granite. Drainage micro-morphology analysis showed that hillslopes in the watersheds K1 and K6 (Koshibu basin) are mostly combinations of talus and bedrock exposures. In contrast, watershed Y1 (Yotagiri basin) is composed of several zero-order streams with hollows. Infinite slope stability analysis indicates that the regolith shear strength in the K6 watershed (Koshibu basin) is lower than that of the Y1 hillslope, but groundwater levels were higher in the Y1 hillslope than in the K6 hillslope during storm events. These data suggest that, although the shear strength of the soil is stronger in the Yotagiri watershed, the slopes are unstable because of the groundwater conditions, whereas deep-seated landslides may occur episodically in the Koshibu watershed associated with extreme storms and very high antecedent soil moisture. These differences would strongly contribute to the different observed hillslope processes and drainage characteristics.

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Section: Current Distribution Of Landslide Scarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of subsurface water flow paths on hillslope hydrological processes, landslides and landform development in steep mountains of Japan

Onda

Tsujimura

Tabuchi

2004

Hydrological Processes

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“…3). As previously noted, the observed deformational structures associated with slope movements are well documented, and have been variously described as ramps, folds thrusts, horst, graben and cataclastic bands (Choffat 1929;Terzaghi 1950;Voight 1973;Varnes 1978;Hutchinson 1988;Chigira 1992). Cruden (2000) made an attempt to classify slope-bedding attitude and potential failure mechanisms.…”

Section: Structures Associated With Slope Deformationmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…In addition, Agliardi et al (2001) showed how active landslides can be found at the toe of slopes in extremely developed DSGSDs. These phenomena have been described as mass rock creep by Chigira (1992) and Chigira & Kiho (1994), who illustrated how many tectonic-like features (brittle faults and folds, cataclastic bands) can be produced at the slope scale by mass movement. These deformations lead to the degradation of the rock mass and are indicators of pre-failure and failure mechanisms.…”

Section: Structures Associated With Slope Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slope tectonics: a short introduction

Jaboyedoff

Crosta

Stead

2011

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Geomorphology, structural geology and engineering geology allow description of the main characteristics of a slope in distinct ways that can be combined to provide a complementary view of the operative slope processes. The subjects presented in this Special Publication include: slope morphology and evolution; mechanical behaviour of the material; modes of failure and collapse; influence of lithology and structural features; and the role played by controlling factors. This Slope Tectonics volume comprises a series of very different contributions that attempt to underline a multidisciplinary approach that should form the framework of slope instability studies.Slope Tectonics is adopted in this volume to mean deformation that is induced or fully controlled by the slope morphology and that generates features that can be compared to tectonic features. The stress field in a slope is the result of gravity, topography and the geological setting created by an ensemble of geodynamic processes. Active tectonics (also called neotectonics) generates a stress field that can control slope processes; a strong feedback existing between geological history, tectonics, lithology, geomorphological evolution and topography.As a consequence, a list of factors and their relative influence can be presented.

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“…However we need to stress that, in the above cases, low-angle reverse faults have been consistently observed, different from what is seen in our trenches where slip planes subjected to reverse motions are steeply dipping. Low-angle reverse slip planes and other contractional structures such as folds have been recognised at the toe of DSGSDs by Mahr and Nemčok (1977), Savage and Varnes (1987), Chigira (1992), Hermann et al (2000), Baron et al (2004), and Hippolyte et al (2006).…”

Section: Inversion Kinematicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Inversion kinematics at deep-seated gravity slope deformations revealed by trenching techniques

Mariotto

Tibaldi

2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. We compare data from three deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSDs) where palaeoseismological techniques were applied in artificial trenches. At all trenches, located in metamorphic rocks of the Italian Alps, there is evidence of extensional deformation given by normal movements along slip planes dipping downhill or uphill, and/or fissures, as expected in gravitational failure. However, we document and illustrate -with the aid of trenching -evidence of reverse movements. The reverse slips occurred mostly along the same planes along which normal slip occurred, and they produced drag folds in unconsolidated Holocene sediments as well as the superimposition of substrate rocks on Holocene sediments. The studied trenches indicate that reverse slip might occur not only at the toe portions of DSGSDs but also in their central-upper portions. When the age relationships between the two deformation kinematics can be determined, they clearly indicate that reverse slips postdate normal ones. Our data suggest that, during the development of long-lived DSGSDs, inversion kinematics may occur in different sectors of the unstable rock mass. The inversion is interpreted as due either to locking of the frontal blocks of a DSGSD or to the relative decrease in the rate of downward movement in the frontal blocks with respect to the rear blocks.

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Long-term gravitational deformation of rocks by mass rock creep

Cited by 243 publications

References 26 publications

The role of subsurface water flow paths on hillslope hydrological processes, landslides and landform development in steep mountains of Japan

The role of subsurface water flow paths on hillslope hydrological processes, landslides and landform development in steep mountains of Japan

Slope tectonics: a short introduction

Inversion kinematics at deep-seated gravity slope deformations revealed by trenching techniques

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