Long-term forest dynamics in response to climate change in northern mixed forests in Japan: A 38-year individual-based approach

Hiura, Tsutom; Sato, Go; Iijima, Hayato

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117469

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The results of model 2 suggest that the observed temporal variations in AGB gain are caused by climatic factors: a hotter current summer had positive effects whereas a warmer previous autumn had negative effects on AGB gain (Table 4). The positive response to high temperature in the growing season is consistent with the trends of individual-tree growth observed in deciduous broadleaved species in KRRF (Matsushita et al manuscript in preparation) and other cool-temperate forests in Japan (Hiura et al 2019). The negative effect of a warmer autumn on growth is also found in individualtree growth in KRRF (Matsushita et al manuscript in preparation) and may be caused by a larger increment in respiration than in photosynthesis (Piao et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Our models explained a considerable amount of variation in local AGB gain, although the analysis did not include other potential factors that enhance tree growth such as change in precipitation (Hiura et al 2019), rising CO2 levels in the atmosphere (e.g., Norby et al 2005), and nitrogen deposition (Thomas et al 2010). The temperature at the weather station nearest to KRRF shows a substantial rise in summer and autumn temperatures over the past 40 years (Appendix 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aboveground biomass increments over 26 years (1993–2019) in an old-growth cool-temperate forest in northern Japan

Noguchi

Hoshizaki

Matsushita

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Assessing long-term changes in biomass of old-growth forests is critical in evaluating forest ecosystem functions under a changing climate. Long-term biomass changes are the result of accumulated short-term changes, which can be affected by endogenous processes such as gap filling in small-scale canopy openings. Here, we used 26 years (1993–2019) of repeated tree census data in an old-growth, cool-temperate, deciduous mixed forest that contains three topographic units (riparian, denuded slope, and terrace) in northern Japan to document decadal changes in aboveground biomass (AGB) and their processes in relation to endogenous processes and climatic factors. AGB increased steadily over the 26 years in all topographic units, but different tree species contributed to the increase among the topographic units. AGB gain within each topographic unit exceeded AGB loss via tree mortality in most of the measurement periods despite substantial temporal variation in AGB loss. At the local scale, variations in AGB gain were partially explained by compensating growth of trees around canopy gaps. Climate affected the local-scale AGB gain: the gain was larger in the measurement periods with higher mean temperature during the current summer but smaller in those with higher mean temperature during the previous autumn, synchronously in all topographic units. The decadal climate trends of warming are likely to have contributed to the steady increase in AGB in this old-growth forest.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aboveground biomass increments over 26 years (1993–2019) in an old-growth cool-temperate forest in northern Japan

Noguchi

Hoshizaki

Matsushita

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The elevation of the research site is about 100 m a.s.l while that of the Teshio Experimental Forest is 15 m a.s.l. Although the snowfall data were not the data from the research site, it is known that the two areas follow the similar climate conditions (Hiura et al 2019). Therefore, the data of the Teshio Experimental Forest can be believed to be representative of the research site.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of bud burst of smaller individuals is not always earlier than that of larger trees in a cool-temperate forest with heavy snow

Marumo

Takagi

Makoto

2020

Journal of Forest Research

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Bud-burst timing is one of the key factors to determine tree growth. Smaller trees are known to show earlier bud bursts, owing to the ontogeny in temperate forests. Snowpack is one of the factors affecting burst timing, especially that of small trees. Because small individuals were buried under snowpack until late spring, we hypothesized although the smaller individuals require less degree-day accumulation for their bud burst, the bud-burst timing of smaller individuals is not always earlier than that of larger trees. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between the height of individuals and the sum of degree-days required until the day of bud burst, as well as the relationship with the bud-burst timings for Acer mono and Quercus crispula over 2 years. As hypothesized, both species showed positive relationship between tree height and degree-days for budburst in both years. Conversely, there was negative relationship between tree height and the bud-burst timing for both species in both years. These results indicate small individuals tended to be late to reach an adequate temperature for bud burst due to the heavy snowpack, and the day of bud burst was sometime later for the seedlings as compared to the large trees in spite of the less accumulation of degree-day for the bud burst of smaller trees. These results suggest snow regime changes may influence the phenology not of large trees but of small trees, which could result in a differential influence of winter climate change on tree growth depending on the individual tree height.

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“…In addition to conifers, deciduous trees such as Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh., Populus tremula L., Alnus incana (L.) Moench, A. glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Sorbus aucuparia L., and Salix caprea L. can be dominant tree species in mixed stands in Scandinavian and Finnish taiga forests [42,44]. With the warming climate, there is a shift in the boreal forest biome towards the arctic [45], and the proportion of deciduous trees in boreal ecosystems will increase due to a northward shift of many thermophilic tree species [46][47][48][49][50]. This change in tree species composition may also have an impact on species interactions and mutualistic relationships at the ecosystem level [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Role of Extrafloral Nectar in Boreal Forest Ecosystems under Climate Change

Holopainen

Blande

Sorvari

2020

Forests

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Carbohydrate-rich extrafloral nectar (EFN) is produced in nectaries on the leaves, stipules, and stems of plants and provides a significant energy source for ants and other plant mutualists outside of the flowering period. Our review of literature on EFN indicates that only a few forest plant species in cool boreal environments bear EFN-producing nectaries and that EFN production in many boreal and subarctic plant species is poorly studied. Boreal forest, the world’s largest land biome, is dominated by coniferous trees, which, like most gymnosperms, do not produce EFN. Notably, common deciduous tree species that can be dominant in boreal forest stands, such as Betula and Alnus species, do not produce EFN, while Prunus and Populus species are the most important EFN-producing tree species. EFN together with aphid honeydew is known to play a main role in shaping ant communities. Ants are considered to be keystone species in mixed and conifer-dominated boreal and mountain forests because they transfer a significant amount of carbon from the canopy to the soil. Our review suggests that in boreal forests aphid honeydew is a more important carbohydrate source for ants than in many warmer ecosystems and that EFN-bearing plant species might not have a competitive advantage against herbivores. However, this hypothesis needs to be tested in the future. Warming of northern ecosystems under climate change might drastically promote the invasion of many EFN-producing plants and the associated insect species that consume EFN as their major carbohydrate source. This may result in substantial changes in the diet preferences of ant communities, the preventative roles of ants against insect pest outbreaks, and the ecosystem services they provide. However, wood ants have adapted to using tree sap that leaks from bark cracks in spring, which may mitigate the effects of improved EFN availability.

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Long-term forest dynamics in response to climate change in northern mixed forests in Japan: A 38-year individual-based approach

Cited by 34 publications

References 58 publications

Aboveground biomass increments over 26 years (1993–2019) in an old-growth cool-temperate forest in northern Japan

Aboveground biomass increments over 26 years (1993–2019) in an old-growth cool-temperate forest in northern Japan

Timing of bud burst of smaller individuals is not always earlier than that of larger trees in a cool-temperate forest with heavy snow

Functional Role of Extrafloral Nectar in Boreal Forest Ecosystems under Climate Change

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