Long-term follow-up of patients with mild traumatic brain injury: A mixed-method study

Abstract

Long-term consequences were present for approximately 50% of the patients 3 years after mild traumatic brain injury and were also reported 11 years after mild traumatic brain injury. This needs to be taken into account by healthcare professionals and society in general when dealing with people who have undergone mild traumatic brain injury.

Persistent problems 1 year after mild traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal population study in New Zealand

“…8 Longer-term studies suggest that symptoms may persist for up to 3 years after injury. 2,9,10 Further longitudinal studies are required, however, to improve understanding of the extent of difficulties experienced after mTBI and the recovery trajectory.…”

Brain drawings following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and links to illness perceptions and health outcomes – Findings from a population-based study

“…A scoring algorithm is used to convert the raw scores into the eight dimensions listed above, followed by the transformation of scores to a range of 0-100 (mean 50) with higher scores representing better health-related QoL. Using two summary scales (physical and mental), the SF-36 has demonstrated good reliability and validity for adults following mTBI (Ahman et al, 2013;Emanuelson, Andersson, Björklund, & Stålhammar, 2003). The scale is reliable, with established content and construct validity (Burholt & Nash, 2011) and was found to be internally consistent with a Cronbach alpha co-efficient of .88.…”

“…Affected individuals can experience transient, long-lasting or permanent physical, cognitive, behavioural, and emotional consequences. These include increased risk of depression, poor quality of life (QoL) (Lin et al, 2010), and the presence of post-concussion symptoms (PCS) (e.g., fatigue, headache, irritability, dizziness, concentration difficulties and impaired memory) (Cicerone Stålnacke, 2013;Stålnacke, 2012).…”

Decreased susceptibility of major veins in mild traumatic brain injury is correlated with post-concussive symptoms: A quantitative susceptibility mapping study

“…It is estimated that 70–90% of TBI cases is mild TBI (mTBI), which is defined by a Glasgow Coma Scale of 13 to 15. This includes those cases where the period of loss of consciousness is < 30 min and the period of post-traumatic amnesia is < 24 h (Ahman et al, 2013). Mild brain injury can have serious post-concussion symptoms including headache, fatigue, dizziness, poor memory, depression, irritability and concentration difficulties.…”