Long Term Follow Up of Celiac Disease—Is Atherosclerosis  a Problem?

Rybak, Anna; Cukrowská, Božena; Socha, Jerzy; Socha, Piotr

doi:10.3390/nu6072718

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Celiac disease (CD) is characterized by an immunologic response to gluten, which often results in diffuse inflammatory damage to the small intestinal mucosa, and malabsorption of nutrients[ 1 ]. CD is of special interest among chronic diseases due to several factors: (1) it is associated with specific comorbidities; (2) it involves a compromised absorption of nutrients; and (3) a gluten-free diet (GFD) is currently the main long-term treatment[ 2 ]. Studies have shown that certain cardiovascular maladies, including cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, arrhythmias, and premature atherosclerosis, are more prevalent in individuals with CD as compared to individuals without the disease[ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular involvement in celiac disease

et al. 2017

WJC

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Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune response to ingestion of gluten protein, which is found in wheat, rye, and barley grains, and results in both small intestinal manifestations, including villous atrophy, as well as systemic manifestations. The main treatment for the disease is a gluten-free diet (GFD), which typically results in the restoration of the small intestinal villi, and restoration of other affected organ systems, to their normal functioning. In an increasing number of recently published studies, there has been great interest in the occurrence of alterations in the cardiovascular system in untreated CD. Herein, published studies in which CD and cardiovascular terms appear in the title of the study were reviewed. The publications were categorized into one of several types: (1) articles (including cohort and case-control studies); (2) reviews and meta-analyses; (3) case studies (one to three patient reports); (4) letters; (5) editorials; and (6) abstracts (used when no full-length work had been published). The studies were subdivided as either heart or vascular studies, and were further characterized by the particular condition that was evident in conjunction with CD. Publication information was determined using the Google Scholar search tool. For each publication, its type and year of publication were tabulated. Salient information from each article was then compiled. It was determined that there has been a sharp increase in the number of CD - cardiovascular studies since 2000. Most of the publications are either of the type “article” or “case study”. The largest number of documents published concerned CD in conjunction with cardiomyopathy (33 studies), and there have also been substantial numbers of studies published on CD and thrombosis (27), cardiovascular risk (17), atherosclerosis (13), stroke (12), arterial function (11), and ischemic heart disease (11). Based on the published research, it can be concluded that many types of cardiovascular issues can occur in untreated CD patients, but that most tend to resolve on a GFD, often in conjunction with the healing of small intestinal villous atrophy. However, in some cases the alterations are irreversible, underscoring the need for CD screening and treatment when cardiovascular issues arise of unknown etiology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular involvement in celiac disease

et al. 2017

WJC

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“…A gluten-free diet resulted in a significant decrease in the thickness of the intima and inflammation, reduced obesity and insulin resistance, and an increase in HDL-cholesterol. [69,70] Hypertension is a predisposing risk factor of arteriosclerosis. The circulating IgG and IgM antibody levels are elevated in hypertensive patients.…”

Section: Inflammation and Dietary Habitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Food Intolerance with Coronary Artery Disease

Tsantsaridou¹,

Papathanasiou²,

Dimisianos³

2019

JFNR

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Background: Hippocrates wisely said that «your food be your medicine and that nature is the doctor of diseases». In the Holy Scriptures the «clean from the unclean foods» are separated. In this pilot study, we tried to uncover any intolerances to foods of patients with coronary artery disease. Aim: The purpose of this trial was to evaluate any food categories that stimulate the immune system of patients with coronary heart disease by creating a vicious circle of inflammation, including atherogenesis. The analysis will contribute to possibly understand patients with coronary artery disease, the aetiopathogenesis of the underlying disease and implement the appropriate therapeutic nutrition. Materials and methods: The presence of IgG antibodies were detected using a kit (Golden test) with ELISA method in 63 patients and 12 healthy individuals. Results: The analysis revealed that more frequent intolerances were in banana, milk products and eggs. The tests showed statistical differences for banana and milk among the two groups. Conclusions: Although most patients had an intolerance in bananas, eggs and milk, this work does not verify the association of food intolerances with the etiology of coronary artery disease.

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“…GFD gives a significant increase in BMI and cholesterol in celiac adherent to the diet [39] There is a body of report published on cardiovascular risks in celiac patients, however conclusions of some studies are at odds with each other. The co-occurrence of T1DM in some celiac patients should be taken into consideration [40].…”

Section: Risk Of Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%