Long-Term Fishing Catch and Effort Trends in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, With Emphasis on the Small-Scale Sectors

Vianna, Gabriel M. S.; Hehre, James; White, Rachel H.; Hood, Lincoln; Derrick, Brittany; Zeller, Dirk

doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00828

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…This mirrors the strong decline in small-scale fisheries CPUE between 1950 and 2017 in the Seychelles, which was attributed to the increasing number of fishing vessels and motorization that increased the pressure on fish stocks over time (Christ et al, 2020). Similar patterns of strongly declining CPUEs have been documented also in other small-scale fisheries in the Indo-Pacific (Vianna et al, 2020;Zeller et al, 2021). While trends in CPUE need to be interpreted cautiously with regards to their correlation to changes in underlying biomass of fished species, they can serve as good first-order indicators in the absence of stock assessments (Zeller et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Small-scale fisheries catch and fishing effort in the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) between 1950 and 2019

et al. 2023

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The Socotra Archipelago (Yemen), a group of four islands off the north-eastern tip of Africa in the western Indian Ocean, has a population that relies heavily on small-scale fishing for livelihoods and food security. However, the reporting of fisheries catches by Yemen has consistently been incomplete, with artisanal (small-scale, commercial) catches underreported and small-scale non-commercial subsistence and recreational catches not reported at all. Here, we reconstruct the total small-scale catches and fishing effort from the waters of the Socotra Archipelago for 1950 to 2019, and derive catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) estimates for these fisheries. The catch officially reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization on behalf of Yemen that was assumed taken from the archipelago is thought to be around 20% of the total reconstructed catch for the archipelago. The reconstructed small-scale catch increased from ~1,500 t in 1950 to an all-time peak of 12,000 t in 2000 before declining to 3,300 t by 2014. Thereafter, catches increased again slightly to just over 3,700 t·year-1 by 2019. Artisanal catches accounted for around 70% of total small-scale catches prior to 2010, but made up only around 46% by 2019. Conversely, subsistence catches increased from ~1,000 t in 2010 to ~2,000 t in 2019, and accounted for 54% of total catches by 2019. Small-scale fishing effort increased by over 1000% since 1950 and reached over 11 million kWdays by 2019. The CPUE derived for small-scale fisheries declined by 78% since 1950, from 1.4 kg·kWday-1 to 0.3 kg·kWday-1 in 2019, with most of the decline occurring after 2000. Our findings suggest resource overexploitation, and may assist efforts to more sustainably manage the Socotra Archipelago’s fish stocks. Small-scale fisheries support food and nutrient security of the local population, not least during political and humanitarian crises such as in Yemen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Small-scale fisheries catch and fishing effort in the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) between 1950 and 2019

et al. 2023

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“…These reconstructed catch data are regularly revised and updated, most recently with an update to the data year 2018 (Derrick et al 2020a,b). Such updates are carried out either via dedicated country revisions (e.g., Christ et al 2020, Khalfallah et al 2017, Ulman et al 2020, Vianna et al 2020a or by applying a short-term forward carry of the previously reconstructed data trends (Noël 2020). Such forward-carry approaches are also routinely used by the FAO for the reported nominal landings data in cases of missing annual reports or inadequate reporting to the FAO by countries, which has been documented to occasionally occur for approximately 50% of all countries (Garibaldi 2012).…”

Section: Sharementioning

confidence: 99%

“…enabling international comparisons (Greer et al 2019b, Ziegler et al 2019. At the time of writing, these global fishing effort data remain preliminary but are being improved upon (e.g., Christ et al 2020, Vianna et al 2020a). The existence of global fishing effort data with a standardized measurement unit (kWday) allows fishing effort to be combined with reconstructed catch data to derive catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) time series.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Global Fisheries Science Documents Human Impacts on Oceans: The Sea Around Us Serves Civil Society in the Twenty-First Century

Zeller

Palomares

Pauly

2023

Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci.

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Fishing provides the world with an important component of its food supply, but it also negatively impacts the biodiversity of marine and freshwater ecosystems, especially when industrial fishing is involved. To mitigate these impacts, civil society needs access to fisheries data (i.e., catches and catch-derived indicators of these impacts). Such data, however, must be more comprehensive than the official fisheries statistics supplied to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) by its member countries, which shape public policy in spite of their deficiencies, notably underestimating small-scale fisheries. This article documents the creation, based on the geographically coarse FAO data, of a database and website ( https://www.seaaroundus.org ) that provides free reconstructed (i.e., corrected) catch data by ecosystem, country, species, gear type, commercial value, etc., to any interested person, along with catch-derived indicators from 1950 to the near present for the entire world. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Marine Science, Volume 15 is January 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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“…At the time of writing, these global fishing-effort data remain partially preliminary, but are being revised and improved upon (e.g. Christ et al 2020;Vianna et al 2020b;Zeller et al 2021).…”

Section: Fishing Effort and Cpue Time-seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Indian Ocean marine fisheries since 1950: synthesis of reconstructed catch and effort data

et al. 2023

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Context Contrary to other ocean basins, Indian Ocean catches have increased consistently since 1950, although reported data are known to be incomplete. Fish is a crucial food source in the Indian Ocean; however, ineffective management often empowers over-exploitation. Aims We synthesised and reviewed Indian Ocean reconstructed catch and effort data by fishing sector and fishing country at the ocean-basin scale. Methods We aggregated reported and reconstructed unreported catch and effort data for the Indian Ocean and derived catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) time-series by sector. Key results Indian Ocean rim country catches dominated in the Indian Ocean. Small-scale catches in the Indian Ocean have grown continuously by over 300% from 1.9 × 106 tonnes (Mg) year−1 in 1950 to 6.5 × 106 tonnes year−1 by 2018. By contrast, total industrial catches from the Indian Ocean have reached a plateau at ~8.5 × 106 tonnes year−1 since the late 1990s, after having steadily risen from very low levels in the early 1960s. Unreported catches declined from 45 to 25% of total catches. Total fishing effort, driven by the industrial sector, has increased 30-fold since 1950 from 0.4 × 109 to 11 × 109 kW-days by 2010, whereas CPUE has declined 78%, with steeper declines in the small-scale (>80% since 1950) than in the industrial sector (65% from its 1981 peak). Conclusions The different sectoral patterns in the Indian Ocean compared with other ocean basins are likely to be due to the region’s high dependence on small-scale fisheries and the later onset but swift growth of industrial fishing. The declining CPUE suggests strong decreases in stock biomass caused by strongly increasing fishing effort, especially in the industrial sector. Implications Indian Ocean countries should prioritise lower-impact well-managed domestic small-scale fisheries to maximise long-term, sustainable nutrient supply for local livelihoods.

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Long-Term Fishing Catch and Effort Trends in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, With Emphasis on the Small-Scale Sectors

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Small-scale fisheries catch and fishing effort in the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) between 1950 and 2019

Small-scale fisheries catch and fishing effort in the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) between 1950 and 2019

Global Fisheries Science Documents Human Impacts on Oceans: The Sea Around Us Serves Civil Society in the Twenty-First Century

Trends in Indian Ocean marine fisheries since 1950: synthesis of reconstructed catch and effort data

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