Long-term field fertilization experiment with energy willow (Salix sp.) − Elemental composition and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves

Simon, László; Makádi, Marianna; Vincze, György; Uri, Zsuzsanna; Oláh, Katalin Irinyiné; Zsombik, László; Vígh, S.; Szabó, Béla

doi:10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.7

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Before soil treatments (during April 2011) the basic characteristics (SIMON et al, 2018) of the uncontaminated Cambisol (brown forest soil with clay stripes) were the following at 0-25 cm depth: loamy sand texture; pH-H2O: 8.10; pH-KCl: 7.52; total salt (m m -1 %): <0.02; CaCO3 (m m -1 %): 4.80; humus (m m -1 %): 1.51%; CEC (cmolc kg -1 ): 10.4 P621, K2,918,Ca16,307,Mg4,603;As9.60,Ba57.5,Cd0.21,Cr13.7,Cu9.18,Mn372,Ni14.0,Pb9.89,and Zn35.5 mg kg -1 ; as determined from cc. HNO3cc.…”

Section: Long-term Open-field Experiments With Willow Soil Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The top 0-25 cm layer of the soil was treated with municipal green waste compost, municipal sewage sludge compost, willow ash, rhyolite tuff, and fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea, urea with sulphur) as top-dressings during April, May, or June of 2011, 2013SIMON et al, , 2018.…”

Section: Long-term Open-field Experiments With Willow Soil Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well documented, that compared to other plant species and to other trace elements Cd accumulation or Zn uptake rates of Salix spp. are high (VYSLOUŽILOVÁ et al, 2003;DICKINSON & PULFORD, 2005;MAXTED et al, 2007;SIMON et al, 2018). Resistance or tolerance of willows to other metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb) and accumulation of elevated levels of As, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn and Pb (PULFORD et al, 2002;GYURICZA et al, 2008;MLECZEK et al, 2013;VANDECASTEELE et al, 2015;TŐZSÉR et al, 2018;LABRECQUE et al, 2020) was also observed in the organs of various Salix spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Since municipal sewage sludge is not a balanced fertiliser in terms of plant nutrients (it contains mainly P and organically bound N, but very low amount of K), it could be advantegeous to mix it with wood ash that contains K and some P (DIMITRIOU et al, 2006;JAMA & NOWAK, 2012). It is well documented that willow plants react well for balanced fertilization, and the enhanced uptake of nitrogen in leaves or shoots is increasing the harvestable shoot yield (WEIH & RÖNNBERG-WÄSTLJUNG, 2007;SIMON et al, 2018;MERILO et al, 2006). However, application of various soil amendments (e.g., municipal sewage sludge or wood ash) can enhance not only the uptake rate of beneficial elements (e.g., nitrogen or potassium), but also the accumulation rate of potentially toxic elements (PTEs; e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytoextraction of toxic elements and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves of energy willow (Salix sp.), treated with wastewater solids and wood ash

Simon

Makádi

Uri

et al. 2022

Agrokem

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Open-field small plot long-term experiment was set up during 2011 with willow (Salix triandra × S. viminalis ‘Inger’), grown as a short rotation coppice energy crop in Nyíregyháza, Hungary. The sandy loam Cambisol with neutral pH was treated three times (2011, 2013, and 2016) with 15 t ha–1 municipal sewage sludge compost (MSSC) and with 600 kg ha–1 (2011, 2013) or 300 kg ha–1 (2016) wood ash (WA). In 2018 the MSSC-treated plots were amended with 7.5 t ha–1 municipal sewage sediment (MSS), and 300 kg ha–1 WA. MSSC and WA or MSS and WA were also applied to the soil in combinations during all treatments. Control plots remained untreated since 2011. Repeated application of wastewater solids (MSSC, MSS) and wood ash (WA) significantly enhanced the amounts of As (up to +287%), Ba, Cd (up to +192%), Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn in the topsoil of willows. The combined application of MSSC+MSS+WA resulted in significantly higher Mn and Zn and lower As Ba, Cd Cr, and Pb concentrations in topsoil than MSSC+MSS treatment of soil without WA. Nitrogen concentrations in leaves of treated plants were generally slightly lower or similar to control. All soil treatments significantly enhanced the uptake or accumulation of nutrient elements (Ca, K, Mg, P) and potentially toxic elements (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the leaves of willows during 2018, 2019, and 2020. Significantly higher Mn or Zn concentrations were measured in MSSC+MSS+WA than in MSSC+MSS treatments. Significant amounts of Cd (up to 1.11 mg kg–1) or Zn (up to 183 mg kg–1) can be translocated (phytoextracted) from a soil amended with wastewater solids or wood ash to willow leaves. In 2018 the treatments decreased the chlorophyll fluorescence values, while in 2019 and 2020 the light adapted fluorescence yield (Y) values were higher in treated than in control plants.

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Section: Long-term Open-field Experiments With Willow Soil Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Long-term Open-field Experiments With Willow Soil Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Phytoextraction of toxic elements and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves of energy willow (Salix sp.), treated with wastewater solids and wood ash

Simon

Makádi

Uri

et al. 2022

Agrokem

Self Cite

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“…The methods used to analyse the basic physical and chemical properties (including plant-available nutrient concentrations) of brown forest soil, MBC, MSSC, RT and WA were described in previous studies (SIMON et al, 2011a, SIMON et al, 2013aSZABÓ et al, 2011SZABÓ et al, , 2012 and the results of the analysis are published in a parallel paper in this volume (SIMON et al, 2018).…”

Section: Experiments On Willowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of fertilization on the mineral nutrition and yield of Salix triandra x Salix viminalis and Robinia pseudoacacia L. bioenergy crops

Simon

Szabó

Vincze

et al. 2018

Agrokem

Self Cite

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Willow was cultivated as an energy crop in a field experiment. The brown forest soil was treated with an inorganic fertilizer (ammonium nitrate−AN: 100 kg ha-1) or with various organic or mineral soil amendments (municipal biocompost–MBC: 20 t ha−1; municipal sewage sludge compost–MSSC: 15 t ha−1; rhyolite tuff–RT: 30 t ha−1; willow ash−WA: 600 kg ha−1), or their combinations (AN+MBC; AN+RT; AN+WA, MSSC+WA) in four replications. Nineteen months after the soil treatments the macroelement-rich amendments (MBC, MSSC) enhanced the harvested fresh shoot yield most significantly (up to 41% as compared to the untreated control), and also the shoot diameter and shoot height of the willow plants. Most of the treatments enhanced the uptake of N (9.8-23.5%) and K in willow leaves, but the concentrations of P, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn in the leaves were reduced. The toxic element (As, Cd, Pb) accumulation of willow shoots was negligible. In a 4-year field experiment the effects of the mineral fertilizers AN and AN+calcium-magnesium carbonate (CMC) were studied on the mineral nutrition of the leaves and wood yield of black locust trees cultivated as an energy crop. The brown forest soil was treated with 300 kg ha−1 annual doses of these fertilizers as top-dressing in June 2009, May 2010 and May 2011. Both fertilizers caused a three to four times increase in the nitrate content of the upper soil soon after their application in June. By the end of the vegetation period (in December) the nitrate concentration in the soil was similar to that in the control plots. The nitrogen content of the leaf stalks (petioles) and leaves, however, was only slightly higher in the treated plots. As a trend, fertilization increased the phosphorus and reduced the calcium uptake in the leaf stalks and leaves, while the magnesium content was not influenced. In March 2012, when the whole trees were harvested, 22% or 28% higher aboveground fresh shoot weight was detected in the AN or AN+CMC treatments than in the control.

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Microanatomical Properties of Energy Willow (Salix spp.) Leaves after Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements from Wastewater Solids and Wood Ash

Tóth,

Simon,

Tóth

2024

Agronomy

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This open-field small-plot long-term experiment was set up between 2011 and 2021 with willow (Salix triandra × S. viminalis ‘Inger’), grown as a short rotation coppice energy crop in Nyíregyháza, Hungary. The sandy loam Cambisol was treated with wastewater solids (WS) in the form of municipal sewage sludge compost (MSSC, 2011, 2013, and 2016), municipal sewage sediment (MSS, 2018), and with willow ash (WA, 2011, 2013, 2016, and 2018). Control plots remained untreated since 2011. All soil treatments significantly enhanced the uptake or accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the leaves of willows. During June 2019, 53 weeks after the last soil treatments, MSSC + MSS-, WA-, and MSSC + MSS + WA-treated willows leaves had 14–68% more As, 17–48% more Ba, 31–104% more Cr, 4–12% more Cu, 6–15% more Mn, 18–218% more Pb, and 11–35% more Zn compared to the untreated control. Significantly higher Mn and Zn concentrations were measured in the MSSC + MSS + WA treatments than in the MSSC + MSS treatments. The assumption that WA reduces the accumulation of PTEs in willow leaves when applied together with MSSC and MSS was therefore only partially confirmed. The hypothesis of this study was that PTEs accumulated in the leaves would affect the microanatomical parameters of the leaves. Numerous positive changes were observed with the combined application of WS and WA. MSSC + MSS + WA treatment reduced the thickness of the mesophyll less than MSSC + MSS or WA treatments alone; the size of the cells building the palisade and spongy parenchyma and the extent of the main vein significantly increased. In the case of the combined treatment, the extent of the sclerenchymatous stock was smaller than in the control but larger than in WS- or WA-treated willow. The extent of the collenchymatous stock significantly increased compared to the control. Increases in the thickness of the adaxial epidermis and the number of stomata were statistically significant. However, the extent of the increases did not reach the extent of the increase experienced in the case of WS treatment, as the size of the stomata did not significantly decrease.

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Long-term field fertilization experiment with energy willow (Salix sp.) − Elemental composition and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Phytoextraction of toxic elements and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves of energy willow (Salix sp.), treated with wastewater solids and wood ash

Phytoextraction of toxic elements and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves of energy willow (Salix sp.), treated with wastewater solids and wood ash

Impact of fertilization on the mineral nutrition and yield of Salix triandra x Salix viminalis and Robinia pseudoacacia L. bioenergy crops

Microanatomical Properties of Energy Willow (Salix spp.) Leaves after Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements from Wastewater Solids and Wood Ash

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