Long-term fertility control in female cats with GonaCon™, a GnRH immunocontraceptive

Levy, Julie; Friary, John A.; Miller, Lowell A.; Tucker, Sylvia J; Fagerstone, Kathleen A.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.06.022

Cited by 68 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Gonacon TM is very effective in inducing contraception after a single injection in many different mammals although the effects are generally more consistent in females than males [2,3,24,38]. In our trials in male Balb/c mice, a single injection of Gonacon TM induced anti-GnRH immune responses and gonadal atrophy in some, but not all of the mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…In our trials in male Balb/c mice, a single injection of Gonacon TM induced anti-GnRH immune responses and gonadal atrophy in some, but not all of the mice. This variable response could indicate that the administered dose was sub-optimal or that male Balb/c mice are less sensitive to this vaccine compared to other mammals in which it has been tested [38]. In our studies, animals injected with ISCOMs formulations showed an enlarged spleen, an effect which could be due to the presence of a saponin component; some saponin adjuvants are known to possess an angiogenic effect and the spleen enlargement may thus be caused by increased blood supply [39,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parenteral administration of GnRH constructs and adjuvants: Immune responses and effects on reproductive tissues of male mice

Sharma

McDonald

Miller³

et al. 2014

Vaccine

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a b s t r a c tTwo gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) constructs prepared by either chemical conjugation to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (GnRH-KLH) or as an expressed recombinant fusion protein (Multimer) were evaluated with or without adjuvants (immunostimulating complexes, ISCOMs, or cytosine-phosphateguanosine oligodeoxynucleotides, CpG ODNs). After subcutaneous administration to Balb/c male mice at Weeks 0, 2 and 4, these preparations were assessed for induction of immune responses and effects on reproductive organs. GnRH-KLH plus ISCOMs formulation induced strong IgG immune responses from Week 4 through Week 12 resulting in consistent reproductive organ atrophy by Week 12 after subcutaneous administration. GnRH-KLH plus CpG ODNs generated immune responses but no atrophy of reproductive tissues by Week 12. Multimer plus ISCOMs induced poor immune responses and no effects on reproductive tissues by Week 12. In the absence of additional adjuvant, none of the GnRH constructs induced reproductive organ atrophy. GnRH-KLH induced stronger immune responses when formulated with ISCOMs or CpG ODN compared to Multimer. GnRH-KLH with ISCOMs could be an effective colloidal alternative for emulsion GnRH vaccine formulations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenteral administration of GnRH constructs and adjuvants: Immune responses and effects on reproductive tissues of male mice

Sharma

McDonald

Miller³

et al. 2014

Vaccine

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show abstract

“…[31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Pre-and post-pubertal rams and boars accumulate androgen derivatives namely androstenone and skatole in their adipose tissues, which gives an unpleasant odor to meat. Therefore, castration of male pigs is routinely performed in order to prevent the occurrence of the boar taint.…”

Section: Veterinary Applications Of Gnrh-based Contraceptive Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Milestones in contraceptive vaccines development and hurdles in their application

Gupta

Shrestha

Minhas

2013

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Since resources are insufficient to manage unwanted cats with current surgical sterilisation techniques, which require considerable investments of time, money and manpower, future successful management will likely rely on methods of permanent non-surgical sterilisation, such as immunocontraceptive vaccines (Goericke-Pesch, 2010;Levy et al, 2011;Munks, 2012). Contraceptive vaccines have been used effectively in deer and seals, and non-surgical contraception is considered to be a realistic future goal (Kass, 2005;Levy et al, 2011;Munks, 2012).…”

Section: Cats Without An Ownermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contraceptive vaccines have been used effectively in deer and seals, and non-surgical contraception is considered to be a realistic future goal (Kass, 2005;Levy et al, 2011;Munks, 2012).…”

Section: Cats Without An Ownermentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding human factors involved in the unwanted cat problem

Zito¹

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The large number of unwanted cats in many modern communities results in a complex, worldwide problem causing many societal issues. These include ethical concerns about the euthanasia of many healthy animals, moral stress for the people involved, financial costs to organisations that manage unwanted cats, environmental costs, wildlife predation, potential for disease spread, community nuisance, and welfare concerns for cats.Humans contribute to the creation and maintenance of unwanted cat populations and also to solutions to alleviate the problem. The work in this thesis explored human factors contributing to the unwanted cat problem-including cat ownership perception, cat caretaking, cat semi-ownership and cat surrender-and human factors associated with cat adoption choices and outcomes.To investigate human factors contributing to the unwanted cat problem, data were collected from 141 people surrendering cats to four animal shelters. The aim was to better understand the people and human-cat relationships involved, and ultimately to inform strategies to reduce shelter intake.Participants were recruited for this study when they surrendered a cat to a shelter and information was obtained on their demographics, cat interaction history, cat caretaking, and surrender reasons.This information was used to describe and compare the people, cats, and human-cat relationships contributing to shelter intake, using logistic regression models and biplot visualisation techniques.A model of cat ownership perception in people that surrender cats to shelters was proposed. A revised questionnaire was then used to explore cat ownership perception in a broader population of 1013 Australians. Data were collected on demographic, attachment, and caretaking factors through an internet survey. A framework based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour was used to determine attitudes, beliefs, social norms, and perceived behavioural control factors associated with cat ownership perception.In the population of cat surrenderers, both cat owners and non-owners shared a common concern for cats and their welfare. The majority of non-owners interacted with, formed attachments to, and felt responsible for the cats they surrendered, but differed from owners in their level of caretaking. The extent of cat semi-ownership in the study population was considerable, emphasising the need for identification of semi-owners contributing to shelter intake. This could help direct strategies aimed at reducing unwanted cat numbers. Determinants of ownership perception in people surrendering cats included cat acquisition method, association time, closeness of the human-cat relationship, and III degree of responsibility for the cat's care. Detailed analysis of surrender reasons, which were usually multifactorial, highlighted the complexity of the unwanted cat problem. The results suggested that the collection of more detailed information by shelters at the time of surrender is warranted to guide strategies to prevent future surrenders.The internet survey from a ...

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Long-term fertility control in female cats with GonaCon™, a GnRH immunocontraceptive

Cited by 68 publications

References 22 publications

Parenteral administration of GnRH constructs and adjuvants: Immune responses and effects on reproductive tissues of male mice

Parenteral administration of GnRH constructs and adjuvants: Immune responses and effects on reproductive tissues of male mice

Milestones in contraceptive vaccines development and hurdles in their application

Understanding human factors involved in the unwanted cat problem

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