Long-term exposure to residential green and blue spaces and anxiety and depression in adults: A cross-sectional study

Gascón, Mireia; Sánchez‐Benavides, Gonzalo; Dadvand, Payam; Martínez, David; Gramunt, Nina; Gotsens, Xavier; Cirach, Marta; Vert, Cristina; Molinuevo, José Luís; Crous‐Bou, Marta; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.012

Cited by 261 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Another study was identified from the recent Internoise 2019 conference [52] giving a total of 34 studies for consideration. Ten studies were excluded as they did not directly measure noise [20,21,[24][25][26][27]35,37], or because no associations between noise exposure and mental health were reported in the paper [29,32] (see Appendix A.2). This left 24 studies for inclusion in the review.…”

Section: Grade Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Environmental Noise Effects on Health for the United Kingdom Policy Context: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Environmental Noise on Mental Health, Wellbeing, Quality of Life, Cancer, Dementia, Birth, Reproductive Outcomes, and Cognition

Clark

Crumpler

Notley³

2020

IJERPH

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This systematic review commissioned by the UK Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), considers how the evidence base for noise effects on health has changed following the recent reviews undertaken for the WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines. This systematic review assesses the quality of the evidence for environmental noise effects on mental health, wellbeing, and quality of life; birth and reproductive outcomes; and cognition for papers published since the WHO reviews (mid-2015 to March 2019), as well as for cancer and dementia (January 2014 to March 2019). Using the GRADE methodology (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) most evidence was rated as low quality as opposed to very low quality in the previous reviews. There is now low-quality evidence for a harmful effect of road traffic noise on medication use and interview measures of depression and anxiety and low quality evidence for a harmful effect of road traffic noise, aircraft noise, and railway noise on some cancer outcomes. Many other conclusions from the WHO evidence reviews remain unchanged. The conclusions remain limited by the low number of studies for many outcomes. The quantification of health effects for other noise sources including wind turbine, neighbour, industrial, and combined noise remains a research priority.

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Section: Grade Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Environmental Noise Effects on Health for the United Kingdom Policy Context: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Environmental Noise on Mental Health, Wellbeing, Quality of Life, Cancer, Dementia, Birth, Reproductive Outcomes, and Cognition

Clark

Crumpler

Notley³

2020

IJERPH

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“…NDVI was derived from six Sentinel 2 MultiSpectral Instrument (37) satellite images with a resolution of 10 by 10 m, obtained on 16 and 18 October 2017. In line with previous studies that analysed the effects of green space and blue space separately (17,23), we removed all water pixels from the satellite images with OpenStreetMap (OSM, OpenStreetMap Community, Cambridge, UK) water layer before determining NDVI. Mean NDVI values were extracted in circular buffers (or zones) within 100, 300, and 500-metre radius around participant's residence.…”

Section: Green Space and Blue Space Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same mechanisms may apply to blue space (16,17). However, the evidence of the mechanisms underlying the effects of green/blue space is thin and sometimes conflicting (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). In addition, concerns have been voiced about the validity of the methods used to test these mechanisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential green and blue space associated with better mental health: a pilot follow-up study in university students

Dzhambov

2018

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Previous research has suggested that natural urban environment (green space and blue space) benefit mental health, but only a few longitudinal studies have explored the underlying mechanisms. In this pilot study we aimed to examine mechanisms/variables mediating associations between residential green/blue space and symptoms of anxiety/depression in 109 Bulgarian students from Plovdiv university. The students were followed from the beginning to the end of the school year (October 2017 to May 2018). Residential green space was defined as the mean of the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) in circular buffers of 100, 300, and 500 m around their residences. Blue space was assessed based on its presence in the same buffers. Levels of anxiety/depression were assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. The investigated mediator variables included residential noise (L Aeq ) and air pollution (NO 2 ), environmental annoyance, perceived restorative quality of the neighbourhood, neighbourhood social cohesion, physical activity, and sleep disturbance. Cross-sectional data (obtained at baseline) showed that higher NDVI correlated with better mental health only indirectly through higher physical activity and restorative quality. Longitudinal (follow-up) data showed improved mental health but no significant effect of mediator variables. Similarly, blue space correlated with better mental health in all models, but physical activity and restorative quality were significant mediator variables only in the cross-sectional analysis. Our findings support that green space and blue space are psychologically restorative features in urban environment. Future research should replicate these findings in the general population and employ longitudinal modelling tailored to the specific mechanisms under study.

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“…The neighborhood environment, as a mechanism for urban green spaces to bene t mental health, has been introduced (32-34). It has also been shown that access to green spaces over the long term potentially plays a protective role, bene ting mental health and alleviating anxiety and depression (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between urban green space and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal study

Cho¹,

Choi²,

Seo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundsAlthough studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of green spaces on general well being, the benefits of urban green spaces on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are still unclear. In this retrospective cohort study, we sought to ascertain the connection between the presence of green spaces in urban environments and risk of AD.MethodsThe study sample comprised 294,983 participants, aged 40–74 years, and was derived from the Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort. We used data of area (m2) and amount of artificial parks in 2005, provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Starting from 2009, after removing those who received a dementia diagnosis within 1–3 years of gathering the index data, participants received follow-up AD testing. The Cox proportional-hazards model was utilized to establish the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of AD risk, based on the amount of urban green space area.ResultsCompared to the quartile with the least amount of green space, participants in the highest urban space quartile had a reduced risk of receiving an AD diagnosis (aHR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.99). The mediating effect of green space presence on AD was stronger among those in higher household income brackets (aHR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65–0.99), with more comorbidities (aHR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64–0.96), and without disabilities (aHR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69–0.97).ConclusionsLiving in urban areas with increased green space coverage may ultimately result in a lower risk of being diagnosed with AD. Urban planning strategies capable of boosting the total coverage of urban green space may assist in reducing AD risk.

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Long-term exposure to residential green and blue spaces and anxiety and depression in adults: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 261 publications

References 36 publications

Evidence for Environmental Noise Effects on Health for the United Kingdom Policy Context: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Environmental Noise on Mental Health, Wellbeing, Quality of Life, Cancer, Dementia, Birth, Reproductive Outcomes, and Cognition

Evidence for Environmental Noise Effects on Health for the United Kingdom Policy Context: A Systematic Review of the Effects of Environmental Noise on Mental Health, Wellbeing, Quality of Life, Cancer, Dementia, Birth, Reproductive Outcomes, and Cognition

Residential green and blue space associated with better mental health: a pilot follow-up study in university students

Association between urban green space and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal study

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