Long-Term Explosive Contamination in Soil: Effects on Soil Microbial Community and Bioremediation

Meyers, Susan K.; Deng, Shiping; Basta, N.; Clarkson, W. W.; Wilber, Gregory G.

doi:10.1080/15320380601077859

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Unlike the results of Gong et al, no significant decreases in bacterial activity were detected in soils contaminated with up to 15,000 mg/kg RDX, which far exceeds the previously reported LOAEC for RDX [13]. Likewise, reduced soil quality and decreased soil bacterial biomass carbon was previously reported in RDX, TNT, and HMX contaminated field soil [1]; however, with the exception of the day 7 and 21 NE soil treatments, RDX was not correlated with decreased bacterial biomass in the present study. While the high bioavailability TX soil appeared to be slightly more sensitive to RDX contamination in terms of its overall functional diversity on day 7, this trend was not consistent over the course of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…A milder extraction method (i.e., sequential extraction with acetonitrile and mechanical shaking) may have better described differences in RDX sorption in the two soils. The carbon-and nitrogen-rich RDX significantly increased soil NO 3 and OM levels in the most highly contaminated treatments, which has been reported in previous studies [1].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…To our knowledge, only one other study has attempted to characterize the effects of RDX contamination on bacterial community structure (i.e., the numbers and abundance of species) [12]. Limited numbers of studies have characterized the effects of RDX on bacterial community activity and function; however, those studies are largely focused on remediation and degradation of RDX by bacterial populations [1,9,[13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Bacterial communities in soils also form mutualistic relationships with plants, both altering and aiding plant-root uptake of nutrients [17][18][19]. Because of these and other critical functions, bacterial activity and community dynamics in soils are increasingly being used to gauge soil quality [1,20], and the potential disturbance of soil ecosystem stability, as a result of contamination and stress, remains poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of a range of RDX concentrations on soil bacterial community structural and functional diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Former military installations, firing ranges, and disposal sites are frequently contaminated with high concentrations of explosives [1]. At some of the most highly contaminated sites, RDX concentrations have been found to exceed 13,900 mg/kg in soils [2] and 38,000 mg/kg in contaminated lagoon sediments [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial community dynamics in high and low bioavailability soils following laboratory exposure to a range of hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine concentrations

Anderson

Cañas

Long

et al. 2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Few studies have examined the potential long-term effects of high concentrations of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triaxine (RDX) on bacterial communities in soil. In the present study, a sandy loam soil and a silt loam soil (high and low bioavailability, respectively) were artificially contaminated with RDX (0, 50, 500, 1,500, 5,000, 10,000, and 15,000 mg/kg soil). Bacterial communities from each treatment were monitored over 63 d to characterize the effects of RDX exposure on bacterial activity, biomass, functional diversity (Biolog microtiter plates), and structural diversity (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA). Bacterial communities native to the high bioavailability soil were inherently different than bacterial communities native to the silt loam soil, not only in terms of bacterial activity and biomass, but also in terms of bacterial community functional and structural diversity. Soil RDX contamination was correlated with decreased bacterial biomass in the silt loam soil treatments and with decreased bacterial activity in the sandy loam soil treatments on day 7. Soil RDX contamination did not cause a significant shift in the functional diversity of the bacterial communities native to the silt loam soil, but was correlated with a shift in identities of substrates used by bacterial communities native to the sandy loam soil on day 7. Bacterial community structure was insensitive to the gradient of RDX concentrations at the beginning of the incubation. However, the identities of carbon substrates used by bacterial communities in both soil types were affected by long-term incubation with RDX.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%