Long-term experimental warming and fertilization have opposing effects on ectomycorrhizal root enzyme activity and fungal community composition in Arctic tundra

Dunleavy, H.; Mack, Michelle C.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108151

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…In this study, we also found that the positive correlation between species diversity and AM‐associated tree C stock weakened with higher MAT. This could be because higher temperature may decrease the importance of AM‐associated nutrient cycling for their host tree (Dunleavy & Mack, 2021). In addition, the high‐temperature tolerance of AM fungi could promote host‐tree tolerance against warming (Antunes et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and mycorrhizae mediate the relationship of tree species diversity and carbon stocks in subtropical forests

et al. 2022

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It is increasingly being recognized that tree species diversity has positive effects on forest ecosystem carbon (C) stock. However, at broad spatial scales, this relationship may depend on climate conditions and species mycorrhizal associations. Here, observations from 667 forest plots in subtropical China were used to investigate the effects of species diversity, mean annual precipitation (MAP), mean annual temperature (MAT) and mycorrhizal type (arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal) on the forest C stock and its components (tree C stock, shrub layer C stock, herb layer C stock, litter layer C stock, root C stock and soil C stock). We found positive effect of tree species diversity on total forest C stock. MAP had positive effects on total forest C stock and its components, while MAT had consistently negative effects on total forest C stock and most of its components. Different levels of MAP and MAT did modulate the strength of effect of species diversity on forest C stock and its components. In addition, species diversity, MAT and MAP showed a significant positive relationship with arbuscular mycorrhiza‐associated tree C stock but had no or negative relationship with ectomycorrhiza‐associated tree C stock. Synthesis. Our results indicate that maintaining high level of species diversity may support the buffering of negative effects resulting from climate warming. Furthermore, under climate warming the specific C stock of AM trees can increase, which can potentially promote forest C stock. Taken together, our study suggests that afforestation policies should consider not only tree species diversity to increase forest C stock but also the effects of different tree mycorrhizal types.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and mycorrhizae mediate the relationship of tree species diversity and carbon stocks in subtropical forests

et al. 2022

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“…; Bödeker et al 2014) to decay complex organic matter molecules in order to mineralise N, especially in northern ecosystems with limited mineral N availability. Indeed, alleviation of N limitation by experimental fertilisation of boreal (Bödeker et al 2014) and tundra (Dunleavy and Mack 2021) ecosystems results in reduction of oxidative enzyme production by mycorrhizal fungi. Given the majority of N in the tundra is bound in organic matter (Shaver et al 1992), and this would need to be liberated to maintain enhanced tall shrub growth, N 'mining' in systems that have been colonised by tall ECM-shrubs has the potential to promote substantial soil C losses.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Explaining Differences In Soil C Betweementioning

confidence: 99%

Shrub expansion in the Arctic may induce large‐scale carbon losses due to changes in plant‐soil interactions

et al. 2021

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Background Tall deciduous shrubs are increasing in range, size and cover across much of the Arctic, a process commonly assumed to increase carbon (C) storage. Major advances in remote sensing have increased our ability to monitor changes aboveground, improving quantification and understanding of arctic greening. However, the vast majority of C in the Arctic is stored in soils, where changes are more uncertain. Scope We present pilot data to argue that shrub expansion will cause changes in rhizosphere processes, including the development of new mycorrhizal associations that have the potential to promote soil C losses that substantially exceed C gains in plant biomass. However, current observations are limited in their spatial extent, and mechanistic understanding is still developing. Extending measurements across different regions and tundra types would greatly increase our ability to predict the biogeochemical consequences of arctic vegetation change, and we present a simple method that would allow such data to be collected. Conclusions Shrub expansion in the Arctic could promote substantial soil C losses that are unlikely to be offset by increases in plant biomass. However, confidence in this prediction is limited by a lack of information on how soil C stocks vary between contrasting Arctic vegetation communities; this needs to be addressed urgently.

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“…Additionally, the bacterial community structure consistently drives the C, N, P, and element cycles and microbial nutrient limitation, while fungal richness only influenced the P cycle. The associations of the microbial community with EEAs and enzyme stoichiometry have been extensively reported in soil ecosystems ( Carrara et al, 2018 ; Dunleavy and Mack, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021 ), while the opposite is true in aquatic sediments. In general, the relative contributions of bacterial and fungal community variations to soil enzyme allocations are dependent on the ecosystem type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the relative contributions of bacterial and fungal community variations to soil enzyme allocations are dependent on the ecosystem type. For example, in shrubs of the arctic tundra, ectomycorrhizal-associated root enzyme activity profiles are significantly correlated with changes in fungal community composition ( Dunleavy and Mack, 2021 ). In successional subalpine ecosystems after glacier retreat, BG:NAG and BG:AP were tightly linked to the bacterial community composition, while NAG:AP was strongly associated with the fungal community composition ( Wang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular enzyme stoichiometry reveals carbon and nitrogen limitations closely linked to bacterial communities in China’s largest saline lake

et al. 2022

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Saline lakes possess substantial carbon storage and play essential roles in global carbon cycling. Benthic microorganisms mine and decompose sediment organic matter via extracellular enzymes to acquire limiting nutrients and thus meet their element budgets, which ultimately causes variations in sediment carbon storage. However, current knowledge about microbial nutrient limitation and the associated organic carbon changes especially in saline lake remains elusive. Therefore, we took Qinghai Lake, the largest saline lake of China, as an example to identify the patterns and drivers of microbial metabolic limitations quantified by the vector analyses of extracellular enzyme stoichiometry. Benthic microorganisms were dominantly colimited by carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Such microbial C limitation was aggravated upon the increases in water salinity and sediment total phosphorus, which suggests that sediment C loss would be elevated when the lake water is concentrated (increasing salinity) and phosphorus becomes enriched under climate change and nutrient pollution, respectively. Microbial N limitation was predominantly intensified by water total nitrogen and inhibited by C limitation. Among the microbial drivers of extracellular enzyme investments, bacterial community structure consistently exerted significant effects on the C, N, and P cycles and microbial C and N limitations, while fungi only altered the P cycle through species richness. These findings advance our knowledge of microbial metabolic limitation in saline lakes, which will provide insights towards a better understanding of global sediment C storage dynamics under climate warming and intensified human activity.

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Long-term experimental warming and fertilization have opposing effects on ectomycorrhizal root enzyme activity and fungal community composition in Arctic tundra

Cited by 18 publications

References 95 publications

Climate and mycorrhizae mediate the relationship of tree species diversity and carbon stocks in subtropical forests

Climate and mycorrhizae mediate the relationship of tree species diversity and carbon stocks in subtropical forests

Shrub expansion in the Arctic may induce large‐scale carbon losses due to changes in plant‐soil interactions

Extracellular enzyme stoichiometry reveals carbon and nitrogen limitations closely linked to bacterial communities in China’s largest saline lake

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