Long-Term Evaluation of ‘BARC⁶⁸Ge/⁶⁸Ga Generator’ Based on the Nanoceria-Polyacrylonitrile Composite Sorbent

Abstract

This article describes the long-term evaluation of a nanoceria-polyacrylonitrile (CeO2-PAN) composite sorbent-based (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator reported. This generator used the new CeO2-PAN composite sorbent for preparation of the (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator. Since this sorbent has not been previously evaluated, a thorough long-term evaluation of the performance of the generator is necessary to ensure its applicability for clinical practice. The performance of the generator was evaluated in terms of (68)Ga yield, (68)Ge breakthrough, radioactive concentration of the (68)Ga solution, and suitability of the (68)Ga for the preparation of (68)Ga-labeled tracers. The (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator was able to provide a (68)Ga activity with consistent yields (>70%) and having acceptable radionuclidic (<10(-4)% of (68)Ge breakthrough), radiochemical, and chemical purities for an extended period of time. The eluted (68)GaCl3 is useful for the majority of the (68)Ga complexation chemistry.

Development of 68Ga ethyl cysteinate dimer for PET studies

“…The generator was developed on the radiochemically purified 68 Ge after irradiating natural Ga at 29 MeV energy at a 30 MeV IBA cyclotron (effective 22 MeV protons on the target material) followed by loading over a SnO 2 column. Gamma spectroscopy of the eluted final sample was carried out counting in an HPGe detector coupled to a Canberra TM multi-channel analyzer for 1000 s. Breakthrough was measured by counting the same sample 48 h after the first test for the detection of small amount of 68 Ge in sample according to the established method [12]. The presence of Sn, Fe, Ga, Ge and Zn ions was checked by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method.…”

Preparation and evaluation of a single vial AMBA kit for 68Ga labeling with potential for imaging of GRP receptor-positive cancers

“…The composite sorbent was synthesized by decomposition of a cerium oxalate precursor to cerium oxide and its subsequent incorporation in PAN matrix [27]. 68 Ga was eluted using 1 mL of 0.1 mol L -1 HCl as eluant [36] and was directly used for radiolabeling. Prior to utilization for preparation of radiopharmaceuticals, elution profile of the generator was studied by collecting 1 mL aliquots of the eluate and measuring the 68 Ga activity in each aliquot by measuring the 1077 keV c-ray peak in a HPGe detector.…”

“…Prior to utilization for preparation of radiopharmaceuticals, elution profile of the generator was studied by collecting 1 mL aliquots of the eluate and measuring the 68 Ga activity in each aliquot by measuring the 1077 keV c-ray peak in a HPGe detector. Levels of 68 Ge breakthrough in the 68 Ga eluate was determined by carrying out gamma ray spectrometry using a HPGe detector coupled to a multichannel analyser having a 1.5 keV resolution at 1333 keV and range from 1.8 keV to 2 MeV, after allowing the 68 Ga to decay completely [36]. The amount of trace metal ions in the 68 Ga eluate were determined by subjecting a few batches of 68 GaCl 3 to ICP-AES analysis after allowing the 68 Ga to decay completely [27,36].…”

“…Radiochemical purity of the supernatant was then assessed by HPLC, as described above. Absence of trace levels of 68 Ge ( 68 Ge breakthrough) in the formulated 68 Ga-AMBA was also ascertained by established methods [36].…”

“…From the elution profile, it could be ascertained that [75 % of the 68 Ga activity could be eluted in an ionic form in 1 mL of 0.1 mol L -1 HCl, with appreciable radioactive concentration. The levels of 68 Ge breakthrough, analyzed routinely using a HPGe detector, were found to be much smaller than 10 -4 % [36]. Absence of trace metal ions in the 68 GaCl 3 eluted from the generator was also ascertained by ICP-AES analysis of decayed 68 Ga samples.…”