2019
DOI: 10.5194/esurf-7-107-2019
|View full text |Cite
|
Sign up to set email alerts
|

Long-term erosion of the Nepal Himalayas by bedrock landsliding: the role of monsoons, earthquakes and giant landslides

Abstract: Abstract. In active mountain belts with steep terrain, bedrock landsliding is a major erosional agent. In the Himalayas, landsliding is driven by annual hydro-meteorological forcing due to the summer monsoon and by rarer, exceptional events, such as earthquakes. Independent methods yield erosion rate estimates that appear to increase with sampling time, suggesting that rare, high-magnitude erosion events dominate the erosional budget. Nevertheless, until now, neither the contribution of monsoon and earthquakes… Show more

Help me understand this report
View preprint versions

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...
2
2
1

Citation Types

11
102
1

Year Published

2019
2019
2023
2023

Publication Types

Select...
5
2

Relationship

0
7

Authors

Journals

citations
Cited by 111 publications
(122 citation statements)
references
References 93 publications
11
102
1
Order By: Relevance
“…Changes in Type-2 activity in Nepal are consistent with other observations where rainfall-induced landslides became more frequent after large earthquakes but tapered off in following years (Fan et al, 2018;Marc et al, 2015Marc et al, , 2019. The approximately tenfold increase in Type-2 flow activity in 2015, and the return to mean pre-earthquake levels in 2016, matches landslide rate variations between 2010 and 2017 across Nepal reported by Marc et al (2019). Progressive reduction in Type-2 debris flow activity in 2016 and 2017 could be due to rock "healing" after seismic weakening (Brantut, 2015;Lawrence et al, 2009;Marc et al, 2015) or failure of many of the most unstable hillslopes immediately after the earthquake, leaving fewer opportunities for failure later.…”
Section: Debris Flows Generated By the Gorkha Earthquakesupporting
confidence: 90%
See 2 more Smart Citations
“…Changes in Type-2 activity in Nepal are consistent with other observations where rainfall-induced landslides became more frequent after large earthquakes but tapered off in following years (Fan et al, 2018;Marc et al, 2015Marc et al, , 2019. The approximately tenfold increase in Type-2 flow activity in 2015, and the return to mean pre-earthquake levels in 2016, matches landslide rate variations between 2010 and 2017 across Nepal reported by Marc et al (2019). Progressive reduction in Type-2 debris flow activity in 2016 and 2017 could be due to rock "healing" after seismic weakening (Brantut, 2015;Lawrence et al, 2009;Marc et al, 2015) or failure of many of the most unstable hillslopes immediately after the earthquake, leaving fewer opportunities for failure later.…”
Section: Debris Flows Generated By the Gorkha Earthquakesupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Rainfall is the primary control on debris flow activity (e.g., Caine, 1980;Dahal & Hasegawa, 2008;Gabet & Mudd, 2006;Staley et al, 2013;Tang & Liang, 2008;Wilson & Wieczorek, 1995;Zhou & Tang, 2013), but peak intensity and total precipitation were similar between the 2015 and 2016 monsoons (Figures 2a and S1), suggesting increased activity in 2015-2016 was a transient post-seismic effect. Changes in Type-2 activity in Nepal are consistent with other observations where rainfall-induced landslides became more frequent after large earthquakes but tapered off in following years (Fan et al, 2018;Marc et al, 2015Marc et al, , 2019. The approximately tenfold increase in Type-2 flow activity in 2015, and the return to mean pre-earthquake levels in 2016, matches landslide rate variations between 2010 and 2017 across Nepal reported by Marc et al (2019).…”
Section: Debris Flows Generated By the Gorkha Earthquakesupporting
confidence: 87%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…For power scaling, the lower the scaling exponent, or less steep the power function, the greater the contribution of large events relative to small events (e.g., Hergarten, 2003). Second, landslide scaling can form the basis for probabilistic landslide hazard assessment for a region over a given time interval (e.g., Guzzetti et al, 2005;Marc et al, 2019). Third, the scaling observed in a natural system can be used to calibrate and assess the applicability of models.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To facilitate such comparisons, scales to quantify landslide event magnitude have been proposed by Malamud et al (2004) and Tanyaş et al (2018). Fifth, landslide scaling provides a means of estimating erosion rates in a region due to landslides and, thus, the landslide contribution to a regional sediment budget (e.g., Jeandet et al, 2019;Marc et al, 2019). Finally, more complicated processes may be informed by the parameters of landslide scaling, such as the reworking of sediment following a landslide by river sediment export (Croissant et al, 2019) and the impact of landslides on organic carbon cycling in a montane forest (Hilton et al, 2011).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%