Long-term electric system investments to support Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Blumsack, Seth; Samaras, Constantine; Hines, Paul

doi:10.1109/pes.2008.4596906

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…But this raises unanswered questions about when users will actually plug-in, which is influenced by many factors (convenience, work, leisure, tariff structures). Many charging regimes have been assessed, including: daytime peak, early evening (before 2000 hours), uniformly spread over 24 hours, charging when the vehicle is not in motion, spare capacity valley-filling algorithms, staggered fleet connection times and agent-based profiles derived from survey data [24][25][26][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] .…”

Section: Local-level Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realizing the electric-vehicle revolution

et al. 2012

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Decarbonizing the grid. Although electrification of LDVs could achieve deep cuts in CO 2 emissions 10-12 , BEV diffusion will be ineffective if it occurs in regions with high-carbon electricity. Optimistic scenarios 1,9 show global BEV shares reaching 90% by 2050, abating 4 Gt of CO 2 . These scenarios assume that global average electricity CO 2 intensity must drop below 100 g CO 2 kWh -1 by 2050 from a current average of ~500 g CO 2 kWh -1 . That is a fivefold decrease within 40 years. Most industrialized countries are now entering a new power-generation investment cycle that represents an opportunity to deploy clean and efficient power-generation technologies. This is important, because power-generation investment decisions taken over the next 10 years will lock-in CO 2 emissions for the next 40-50 years 15 . The planning horizon for the vehicle-fleet cycle is 12-15 years. Electricity generation decisions must therefore be made within the next 10 years if it is to be aligned with the next two to three vehicle-fleet cycles where large-scale commercialization of BEVs is expected.

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Section: Local-level Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realizing the electric-vehicle revolution

et al. 2012

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“…Previously referenced studies on the effects of PHEV loading on distribution transformers [3,4,5,6] lead us to consider mitigation schemes that leverage monitoring, communications and control technologies that are utilized in smart grid applications. These schemes may take the form of edge control networks or centralized control networks.…”

Section: Smart Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the distribution networks [3,4]. Ultimately, the PHEV owner will plug into the grid at the local level and will place a new demand on whatever transformer is feeding that grid connection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Charging Systems for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

Shocket

2012

WEVJ

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This paper describes "smart charging" systems for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The principal design feature is that the system uses gathered information to adaptively control PHEV charging, and does so in a way that allows customer PHEVs to still be charged at a preferred rate (cost). This paper reviews the drivers for smart charging, including electric grid readiness for large adoption rates of PHEVs, and considers national, regional and local distribution level issues. At the distribution level, the effect of increased PHEV charging loads on transformers is considered. The current state of standardization is reviewed with emphasis on communication messages and use cases that reflect smart charging attributes. Centralized system approaches are described, such as integrating electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), i.e. chargers, into Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) networks, and treating EVSEs as controllable loads for Demand Response programs. Metering and monitoring the transformers that feed EVSEs can drive a control scheme that is either centralized or distributed. Alternatives to AMI-integration for centralized networks are also reviewed, including commercially available systems. Additionally, smart charging is considered from the billing perspective, where system approaches are described that allow for identification and association between connected PHEVs, EVSEs, premise meters and other smart devices.

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“…Further research is needed to understand the effects of thermal expansion and contraction on the maintenance costs of transformers. If the cost savings from reduced thermal expansion/contraction are significant, they could offset the decreased transformer life due to temperature increases [23]. The calculations in Section 3.5 do not account for this potential reduction in damage.…”

Section: Distribution System Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Impact of Increasing PHEV Loads on the Distribution Infrastructure

Farmer

Hines

Dowds

et al. 2010

2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

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131

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Numerous recent reports have assessed the adequacy of current generating capacity to meet the growing electricity demand from Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and the potential for using these vehicles to provide grid support (Vehicle to Grid, V2G) services. However, little has been written on how these new loads will affect the medium and low-voltage distribution infrastructure. This paper briefly reviews the results of the existing PHEV studies and describes a new model: the PHEV distribution circuit impact model (PDCIM). PDCIM allows one to estimate the impact of an increasing number of PHEVs (or pure electric vehicles) on transformers and underground cables within a medium voltage distribution system. We describe the details of this model and results from its application to a distribution circuit in Vermont.

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Long-term electric system investments to support Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Cited by 54 publications

References 9 publications

Realizing the electric-vehicle revolution

Realizing the electric-vehicle revolution

Smart Charging Systems for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

Modeling the Impact of Increasing PHEV Loads on the Distribution Infrastructure

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