Long-term efficacy of continuing hepatitis B vaccination in infancy in two Gambian villages

Whittle, Hilton; Pilkington, J.; Maine, N.; Mendy, Maimuna; Fortuin, M.; Hall, Andrew J.; Bunn, James; Allison, L.; Howard, Colin R.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90822-6

Cited by 134 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…15 Approximately 10-fold more HBIG is required to prevent trans-mission following transfusion of one unit of HBsAg-positive blood to a naive recipient. 16 Moreover, transmission of HBV to the transplanted liver of an immunosuppressed chronic HBV carrier has been diminished by maintenance of very high titer anti-HBs in a range Ͼ100 IU.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IGIV: a potential role for hepatitis B prophylaxis in the bone marrow peritransplant period

Daily

Werner

Soiffer

et al. 1998

Bone Marrow Transplant

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Four lots of IGIV were investigated for anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) content and all were found to contain significant antibody titer. Moreover, IGIV that was administered to four bone marrow transplant recipients for medical purposes unrelated to HBV transmission produced protective anti-HBs titers in all. These studies suggest IGIV may be useful for HBV prophylaxis in the appropriate setting or if HBIG is unavailable. The optimum regimen for HBV prevention in distinct transplant settings needs to be determined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IGIV: a potential role for hepatitis B prophylaxis in the bone marrow peritransplant period

Daily

Werner

Soiffer

et al. 1998

Bone Marrow Transplant

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“…The efficacy of the current HBV vaccine against the normal HBV type has been estimated in The Gambia to be between 93 % and 956 % [20]. The values are chosen to represent an estimate of the ' degree ' of protection (φ) of the vaccine, setting φ l 0n9, which measures the reduction in the force of infection experienced by vaccinees [19].…”

Section: Parameter Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictions of the emergence of vaccine-resistant hepatitis B in The Gambia using a mathematical model

2000

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SUMMARYVaccine escape variants of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been identified world-wide. A mathematical model of HBV transmission is used to investigate the potential pattern of emergence of such variants. Attention is focused on The Gambia as a country with high quality epidemiological data, universal infant immunization and in which escape mutants after childhood infections have been observed. We predict that a variant cannot become dominant for at least 20 years from the start of vaccination, even when using a vaccine which affords no cross protection. The dominant factor responsible for this long time scale is the low rate of infectious contacts between infected and susceptible individuals (we estimate the basic reproduction number of hepatitis B in The Gambia to be 1n7). A variant strain that achieves high prevalence will also take many years to control, and it is questionable whether emergence will be identifiable by sero-surveillance until of high prevalence. The sensitivity of the model predictions to epidemiological and demographic factors is explored.

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“…The antibody response to HB vaccine has been found occurring in more than 90% of the healthy vaccinees [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . Kinetic studies showed serum anti-HBs levels decreased with time following vaccination [5,9,14,16] . Several demographic and behavioral factors have been found to be associated with a lower rate of antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine [17,18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term persistence of T cell memory to HBsAg after hepatitis B vaccination

Wang¹,

Boland²,

Hattum³

et al. 2004

WJG

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AIM:To determine if the T cell memory to HBsAg can persist for a long time after hepatitis B (HB) vaccination. METHODS:Thirty one vaccine recipients who were healthcare workers (18 females and 13 males aged 34-58 years) from Utrecht University Hospital, Netherlands, and had previously received a standard course of vaccination for hepatitis B were investigated and another 9 unvaccinated healthy volunteers from the same hospital were used as the control. Blood samples were taken just before the experiment to test serum anti-HBs levels and the subjects were classified into different groups according to their serum titers of antiHBs and vaccination history. Their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from freshly heparinized venous blood and the proliferative response of T lymphocytes to the recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was investigated. RESULTS:Positive serum anti-HBs was found in 61.3% (19/31) vaccine recipients and a significant in vitro lymphocyte proliferative response to recombinant HBsAg was observed in all the vaccinees with positive anti-HBs. Serum anti-HBs level 10 IU/L was found in 38.7% (12/31) subjects. In this study, we specially focused on lymphocyte proliferative response to recombinant HBsAg in those vaccine recipients with serum anti-HBsAg less than 10 IU/L. Most of them had received a standard course of vaccination about 10 years before. T lymphocyte proliferative response was found positive in 7 of the 12 vaccine recipients. These results confirmed that HBsAg-specific memory T cells remained detectable in the circulation for a long time after vaccination, even when serum anti-HBs level had been undetectable. CONCLUSION:The T cell memory to HBsAg can persist for at least 10 years after HB vaccination. Further booster injection is not necessary in healthy responders to HB vaccine.Wang RX, Boland GJ, van Hattum J, de Gast GC. Long term persistence of T cell memory to HBsAg after hepatitis B vaccination.

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Long-term efficacy of continuing hepatitis B vaccination in infancy in two Gambian villages

Cited by 134 publications

References 15 publications

IGIV: a potential role for hepatitis B prophylaxis in the bone marrow peritransplant period

IGIV: a potential role for hepatitis B prophylaxis in the bone marrow peritransplant period

Predictions of the emergence of vaccine-resistant hepatitis B in The Gambia using a mathematical model

Long term persistence of T cell memory to HBsAg after hepatitis B vaccination

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