Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in hypertensive patients

Siebenhofer, Andrea; Jeitler, Klaus; Horvath, Karl; Berghold, Andrea; Siering, Ulrich; Semlitsch, Thomas

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007654.pub3

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The effect on diastolic tension was not significant in any of the cases. According to what we know in relation to the treatment of hypertension, the effect of diet compared to pharmacological treatment on this parameter is more discreet, and yet, it has great importance in the development of cardiovascular disease [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Two Meal Replacement strategies on Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in Advanced Age Patients with Obesity and Osteoarthritis

et al. 2020

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Background and aims: Meal replacement diets consist of replacing one or more meals with an artificial nutritional supplement. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of one against two meal replacement strategies on body composition and cardiovascular risk parameters in patients with obesity. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was designed with a modified hypocaloric diet with an artificial nutritional preparation replacing one or two meals for three months in patients with obesity and osteoarthritis pending orthopedic surgery. An anthropometric evaluation and a measurement of the body composition were done with bioelectrical impedance measurement at the beginning and at three months. Results: A total of 112 patients were recruited. Fifty-two patients (46.4%) were randomized to one replacement and 60 patients (53.6%) to two meal replacements. Eighty-one patients (72.3%) were women, and the average age was 61 (11.03) years. The percentage of weight loss at three months was 8.27 (4.79)% (one meal replacement: 7.98 (5.97)%; two meal replacements: 8.50 (3.48)%; p = 0.56). A decrease in fat mass measured by the fat mass index (FMI) was detected (one meal replacement: −2.15 (1.45) kg/m2 vs. two meal replacements: −2.78 (2.55) kg/m2; p > 0.05), and a relative increase in fat-free mass was observed (one meal replacement: +3.57 (4.61)% vs. two meal replacements: +2.14 (4.45)%; p > 0.05). A decrease in HOMA-IR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and total cholesterol was observed in both groups without differences between them. Conclusions: The substitution strategies of one or two meal replacements were effective in weight loss and fat mass decrease without differences between the two groups. An improvement in lipid parameters, glycemic control, and systolic blood pressure was observed without differences between strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Two Meal Replacement strategies on Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in Advanced Age Patients with Obesity and Osteoarthritis

et al. 2020

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“…Lin et al (2011) reviewed the literature and reported that dietary counseling and an increase in PA were associated with decreased BMI, blood pressure, and total cholesterol. Siebenhofer et al (2013) determined that weight-reducing diets decreased blood pressure and body weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of a Diet and Exercise Program for Older Adults With Metabolic Syndrome

Lin

Chu

Kao

et al. 2015

Journal of Nursing Research

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“…This is considered unlikely by some researchers, however, as the BP-lowering effect occurs earlier than any significant weight loss 52. BP reductions are associated with weight loss, as evidenced in clinical trials and epidemiologic studies56–58 in which reductions in systolic BP associated with weight loss in patients with T2DM have been reported 59. The weight loss observed during the first weeks after treatment initiation with an SGLT2 inhibitor is presumed to be mainly due to volume contraction, rather than to the loss of fat and/or lean tissue 54.…”

Section: Sglt2 Inhibitors and Bp Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on blood pressure

Reed

2016

VHRM

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SGLT2 inhibitors are glucose-lowering agents used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These agents target the kidney to promote urinary glucose excretion, resulting in improved blood glucose control. SGLT2-inhibitor therapy is also associated with weight loss and blood pressure (BP) lowering. Hypertension is a common comorbidity in patients with T2DM, and is associated with excess morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes data on the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors marketed in the US (namely canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, or empagliflozin) on BP in patients with T2DM. Boolean searches were conducted that included terms related to BP or hypertension with terms for SGLT2 inhibitors, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, or empagliflozin using PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar. Data from numerous randomized controlled trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM demonstrated clinically relevant reductions in both systolic and diastolic BP, assessed via seated office measurements and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Observed BP lowering was not associated with compensatory increases in heart rate. Circadian BP rhythm was also maintained. The mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitor-associated BP reduction is not fully understood, but is assumed to be related to osmotic diuresis and natriuresis. Other factors that may also contribute to BP reduction include SGLT2 inhibitor-associated decreases in body weight and reduced arterial stiffness. Local inhibition of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system secondary to increased delivery of sodium to the juxtaglomerular apparatus during SGLT2 inhibition has also been postulated. Although SGLT2 inhibitors are not indicated as BP-lowering agents, the modest decreases in systolic and diastolic BP observed with SGLT2 inhibitors may provide an extra clinical advantage for the majority of patients with T2DM, in addition to improving blood glucose control.

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Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in hypertensive patients

Cited by 23 publications

References 73 publications

Effect of Two Meal Replacement strategies on Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in Advanced Age Patients with Obesity and Osteoarthritis

Effect of Two Meal Replacement strategies on Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in Advanced Age Patients with Obesity and Osteoarthritis

The Effects of a Diet and Exercise Program for Older Adults With Metabolic Syndrome

Impact of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on blood pressure

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Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in hypertensive patients

Cited by 23 publications

References 73 publications

Effect of Two Meal Replacement strategies on Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in Advanced Age Patients with Obesity and Osteoarthritis

Effect of Two Meal Replacement strategies on Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in Advanced Age Patients with Obesity and Osteoarthritis

The Effects of a Diet and Exercise Program for Older Adults With Metabolic Syndrome

Impact of sodium&ndash;glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on blood pressure

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Impact of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on blood pressure