Long-term effects of Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma gamsii on the prevention of esca in different vineyards of Northeastern Italy

Bigot, G.; Sivilotti, Paolo; Stecchina, M.; Luján, Carlos; Freccero, A.; Mosetti, Davide

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105264

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In total 718 fungal OTUs and 3386 bacterial OTUs were identified by metabarcoding (>10 sequences) in woody tissues from esca-diseased grapevines sampled in the three vineyards in 2014 and 2015 (all samples, Table S1 ). Fungal microbiota Shannon index [ 40 ] values ranged from 0.43 to 3.19 ( Table 2 ), whereas Simpson index [ 39 ] values were lower than 0.97 ( Table S3 ). Although fungal communities were diversified, the number of abundant OTUs was low, with the 20 most abundant fungal OTUs (>1%), representing 99% of all sequences, and eight fungal OTUs constituting 80% of all sequences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of Sodium Arsenite on Wood Microbiota of Esca-Diseased Grapevines

Bruez

Larignon²,

Bertsch

et al. 2021

JoF

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Although sodium arsenite was widely used in Europe until its ban in 2003, its effects on microorganisms is not clearly understood. To improve our understanding of sodium arsenite curative effect on GTDs, grapevines displaying esca-foliar symptoms from different French regions (Alsace, Champagne, Languedoc) were treated or not with sodium arsenite, and analyzed for their wood microbiota. Using metabarcoding, we identified the fungal and bacterial taxa composition of microbiota colonizing woody trunk tissues. Large differences in fungal microbiota composition between treated and untreated grapevines were observed while no major impacts were observed on bacteria microbiota. The main fungal species detected in untreated necrotic woody tissues was Fomitiporia mediterranea (63–94%), a fungal pathogen associated with esca. The relative abundance of this fungal species significantly decreased after sodium arsenite treatment in the three vineyards, in particular in white-rot necrotic tissues and their borders (−90%). F. mediterranea was the most sensitive to sodium arsenite among fungi from grapevine woody tissues. These results strongly suggest that the effect of sodium arsenite on GTDs is due to its ability to efficiently and almost specifically eliminate F. mediterranea from white-rot necrotic tissues, allowing saprobic fungi to colonize the tissues previously occupied by this pathogenic fungus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Penicillium spp. [ 7 , 38 , 39 ]. All these isolates were assayed for their sensitivity to sodium arsenite.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Sodium Arsenite on Wood Microbiota of Esca-Diseased Grapevines

Bruez

Larignon²,

Bertsch

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…The long susceptibility of pruning wounds to infections and the need for long-lasting colonization and activity, combined with the need for sustainable tools, promoted the setting up of wound protection with biological control agents, such as Trichoderma species (Di Van Niekerk et al, 2011;Bigot et al, 2020;Brown et al, 2021) and Bacillus spp. (Alfonzo et al, 2012;Mondello et al, 2018a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of Trichoderma asperellum Strain ICC 012 and Trichoderma gamsii Strain ICC 080 Toward Diseases of Esca Complex and Associated Pathogens

et al. 2022

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Grapevine trunk diseases are widespread in all grape-growing countries. The diseases included in the Esca complex of diseases are particularly common in European vineyards. Their distinctive foliar symptoms are well known to be associated not only with losses in quantity, as with all grapevine wood diseases, but also with losses in the quality of the crop. Protection of pruning wounds is known to reduce infections in artificial inoculations and, to some extent, reduce the external leaf symptoms. The application of biological control agents in the field is typically started at the first appearance of symptoms. In this article, the two strains belonging to two different species, Trichoderma asperellum ICC 012 and T. gamsii ICC 080, which are present in a commercial formulation, were tested in vitro, in vivo in artificial inoculation, and in the field in long-term experiments where the wounds on four young asymptomatic vineyards were protected since 1 or 2 years after planting. The in vitro trials highlighted the different temperature requirements of the two strains, the direct mycoparasitizing activity of T. asperellum, and the indirect activity shown by both Trichoderma strains. The in vivo trials confirmed the ability of the two strains to reduce the colonization following artificial inoculations with the high, unnatural concentration of spores used in artificial infections, even if with variable efficacy, and with long persistence as they could be reisolated 7 months post-application. The preventive applications carried out over 9 years showed a very high reduction in symptom development in the treated vines, on annual and cumulated incidence and on the death of vines, with disease reduction varying from 66 to almost 90%. Early and annual application of protection to the pruning wounds appears to be the best method for reducing damages caused by grapevine leaf stripe disease (a disease of the Esca complex of diseases). Trichoderma appears to offer an efficient, environmentally friendly, and long-lasting protection in the presence of a natural inoculum concentration.

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“…Other T. gamsii strains have been described as effective BCAs in tomatoes [59,67]. Moreover, they have been described as effective BCAs against grapevine trunk diseases such as Esca-specifically for reducing the external symptoms of grapevine leaf stripe diseases, combined with T. asperellum and T. gamsii [6]. T. harzianum is a complex species distributed worldwide and is a very common BCA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…together with integrated pest management strategies [5]. This biological control agent also reduced Grapevine Leaf Stripe Disease (GLSD) symptoms in vine plants over a long period of time [6]; these symptoms are associated with fungal species of Phaeoacremonium minimum, and other species of Phaeoacremonium and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora [7]. Moreover, this fungus can induce 2 of 18 resistance against downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola (Berkeley and Curtis) and Berlese and de Toni in grapevine plants [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Temperature on the Growth, Sporulation, Colonization, and Survival of Trichoderma spp. in Grapevine Pruning Wounds

et al. 2021

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Trichoderma is a genus of fungi used for the biological control of plant diseases and a large number of its bio-formulates are available in the market. However, its efficacy under field conditions remains unclear, especially for the protection of grapevine plants against Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs). These diseases are caused by a complex of fungal pathogens whose main point of entrance into the affected plants is through pruning wounds. In this research, different Trichoderma native strains have been evaluated according to their ability to grow at different temperatures and their capacity to colonize pruning wounds in adverse climatic conditions. Strains from section Trichoderma have adapted to cooler conditions. On the other hand, strains from clade Harzianum/Virens grow at higher temperatures. However, differences can also be found between strains inside the same clade/section. Native strains were able to colonize more than 70% of vine pruning wounds in winter conditions. The Trichoderma strain T154 showed a significantly higher re-isolation degree from vine plants and its concentration was optimized for spraying onto vine plants. In conclusion, Trichoderma native strains are better adapted to survive in a changing environment, and they could give better protection to grapevine plants in co-evolution with each specific vineyard.

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Long-term effects of Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma gamsii on the prevention of esca in different vineyards of Northeastern Italy

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Impacts of Sodium Arsenite on Wood Microbiota of Esca-Diseased Grapevines

Impacts of Sodium Arsenite on Wood Microbiota of Esca-Diseased Grapevines

Activity of Trichoderma asperellum Strain ICC 012 and Trichoderma gamsii Strain ICC 080 Toward Diseases of Esca Complex and Associated Pathogens

The Influence of Temperature on the Growth, Sporulation, Colonization, and Survival of Trichoderma spp. in Grapevine Pruning Wounds

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