Long-term effects of tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization on organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations in sandy loam soils in Georgia, USA

Sainju, Upendra M.; Singh, Bharat; Whitehead, Wayne F.

doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(01)00244-6

Cited by 259 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A long-term study could reveal significant variations in the chemistry of corn stover tissue as a result of residue management practices and impacts to soil properties. Additionally, despite the limited effect of rye on stover composition, the benefits on soil productivity of cover crops under conservation tillage practices should always be considered [29,30]. Furthermore, retention of rye in the field could reduce soil contamination on feedstock and cause microclimate interaction that affect water retention properties and soil heating properties in the spring.…”

Section: Rye and Corn Stover Management Effect On Biomass Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Structural Carbohydrates in Corn Plants Across the Southeastern USA

et al. 2014

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Quantifying lignin and carbohydrate composition of corn (Zea mays L.) is important to support the emerging cellulosic biofuels industry. Therefore, field studies with 0 or 100 % stover removal were established in Alabama and South Carolina as part of the Sun Grant Regional Partnership Corn Stover Project. In Alabama, cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) was also included as an additional experimental factor, serving as a winter cover crop. Plots were located on major soil types representative of their respective states: Compass and Decatur soils in Alabama and a Coxville/Rains-Goldsboro-Lynchburg soil association in South Carolina. Lignin and structural carbohydrate concentrations in the whole (above-ground) plant, cobs, vegetation excluding cobs above the primary ear (top), vegetation below the primary ear (bottom), and vegetation from above the primary ear including cobs (above-ear fraction) were determined using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The distribution of lignin, ash, and structural carbohydrates varied among plant fractions, but neither inclusion of a rye cover crop nor the stover harvest treatments consistently affected carbohydrate concentrations within locations. Total precipitation and average air temperature during the growing season were strongly correlated with stover composition indicating that weather conditions may have multiple effects on potential biofuel production (i.e., not only yield but also stover quality). When compared to the above-ear fractions, bottom plant partitions contained greater lignin concentrations. Holocellulose concentration was consistently greater in the above-ear fractions at all three locations. Data from this study suggests that the above-ear plant portions have the most desirable characteristics for cellulosic ethanol production via fermentation in the southeastern USA.

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Section: Rye and Corn Stover Management Effect On Biomass Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Structural Carbohydrates in Corn Plants Across the Southeastern USA

et al. 2014

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“…In comparison, total nitrogen content of leguminous plants were significantly higher than that of non-legumes and that in turn leads to the wide variation among the C/N ratios of these two groups of cover crops (Table 1). Kuo et al (1997) and Sainju et al (2002) also reported that the carbon content in various winter cover crops remained almost constant, but nitrogen concentration differed among cover crops. Higher C/N ratios of non-leguminous plants might be attributed to comparatively slower decomposition of their biomass than legume plants.…”

Section: Biomass Productivity and Chemical Properties Of Cover Cropsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Comparison of Carbon Sequestration Potential of Winter Cover Crop Cultivation in Rice Paddy Soil

Lee¹,

Haque²,

Pramanik³

et al. 2011

Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture

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BACKGROUND: Cultivation of winter cover crops is strongly recommended to increase land utilization efficiency, animal feeding material self-production, and to improve soil and environmental quality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four major winter crops (barley, Chinese milk vetch, hairy vetch, and rye) having different C/N ratio were seeded in silt loam paddy soil in the November 2007 and the aboveground biomass was harvested on the late May 2008 to evaluate its effectiveness as green manure, and root biomass distribution was characterized at the different depth (0-60 cm) to study its effect on physical properties and carbon sequestration in soil. During this experiment, the naturally growing weed in the rice paddy soil in Korea, short awn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol), was considered as control treatment.

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“…Winter turnip rape is one of the earliest crops to mature and can be harvested in late July in highlatitude conditions, making it an ideal crop to precede other crops that need to be sown early, such as winter wheat (Salo et al, 2004) and winter rye (Laine et al, 2004). Spring turnip rape is also known to be an excellent preceding crop for wheat in crop rotations.…”

Section: Traditional Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cover crops also can contribute to the improvement of soil organic matter content and soil tilth (Sainju et al, 2002). Effective cover crops should germinate rapidly, form an extensive root system, possess good winter hardiness and have early regrowth in the spring (Weinert et al, 2002).…”

Section: Role As a Catch And Cover Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revitalizing the winter turnip rape crop in the northern latitudes

Mäkelä

Tuulos

Turakainen

et al. 2011

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Sc

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Winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa spp. oleifera) is an underutilized crop that deserves to be revitalized for use in high-latitude agriculture. Many crop rotations around the world are dependent on the small-grain cereals, and turnip rape as a break crop, with its range of secondary chemicals, helps to suppress weeds, nematodes and pathogenic fungi. It may be used as an energy crop, it can restrict erosion and nutrient leaching while also improving soil structure and fertility, and it requires relatively low inputs. Although winter turnip rape was once the major oil crop in Finland, in the 1970s it was replaced by spring turnip rape, the lower erucic acid and glucosinolate contents of which made it suitable for food and feed uses. Winter hardiness of the crop could be improved, and industrial end uses, such as lubricants for which high erucic acid content is preferred, targeted in the first instance. Breeding progress would be accelerated by a change from the predominantly selfincompatible breeding system to self-compatibility, now available in modern germplasm, and this would allow use of other rapid breeding methods, such as doubled haploidy. Thus, the many advantages of the winter turnip rape crop would repay its return to agriculture. In this review we will introduce the many utilization possibilities of the crop as well as give background on why more attention and research efforts should be paid towards this crop. We will also indicate some of the array of factors that have a marked role in an attempt to ecologically intensify crop production.

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Long-term effects of tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization on organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations in sandy loam soils in Georgia, USA

Cited by 259 publications

References 28 publications

Distribution of Structural Carbohydrates in Corn Plants Across the Southeastern USA

Distribution of Structural Carbohydrates in Corn Plants Across the Southeastern USA

Comparison of Carbon Sequestration Potential of Winter Cover Crop Cultivation in Rice Paddy Soil

Revitalizing the winter turnip rape crop in the northern latitudes

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