Long‐Term Effects of Tillage and Fertilization on Soil Organic Matter Dynamics

Salinas-García, J. R.; Hons, Frank M.; Matocha, J. E.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100010023x

Cited by 152 publications

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“…(Piracicaba, Braz. ), v.67, n.4, p.465-471, July/August 2010 creases the quantity of C and the microbial biomass in soil due to root exudates, root decomposition and the fact that residue decomposition is slower (Salinas-Garcia et al, 1997). In such situations, inorganic phosphorus is partially transformed into P-organic in the microbial biomass, which could contribute to greater availability of P in the surface layer by impeding P adsorption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate fertilization and phosphorus forms in an Oxisol under no-till

Olibone

Rosolem

2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Under no-till phosphorus (P) accumulates in a few centimeters of the topsoil layer. Plant residues left on the soil surface release P and organic acids, which may improve P availability and fertilizer efficiency, including both soluble (such as triple super phosphate) and less soluble sources (such as reactive natural phosphates). In this study, soybean response to P fertilizer and P forms in the top 40 cm of an Oxisol were evaluated after surface application of different phosphates in a 5-year-old no-till system. Treatments consisted of 0 or 80 kg ha -1 of total P 2 O 5 applied on the soil surface, both as natural reactive phosphate (NRP) or triple super phosphate (TSP). In addition, 80 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 were applied to subplots, in furrows below and beside the soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds, in different combinations of NRP and TSP. Soil samples were taken before and after the soybean growth, down to 0.40 m and soil phosphorus was chemically fractionated. The responses to NRP were similar to TSP, with an increase in P reserves at greater depths, even in non-available forms, such as P-occluded. After the soybean harvest, P-occluded levels were lower at the surface layer, but an increase was observed in the soluble, organic and total P down to 40 cm. An improved P distribution in soil depth, especially regarding the soluble and organic forms, resulted in higher soybean yields, even when the phosphates were applied to the soil surface. Key words: reactive phosphate, superphosphate, phosphorus fractions, conservation tillageAdubação fosfatada e formas de fósforo num Latossolo sob sistema de semeadura direta RESUMO: Em semeadura direta o fósforo (P) acumula-se na camada mais superficial do solo, mas os resíduos deixados na superfície liberam P e ácidos orgânicos, que podem melhorar a disponibilidade e a eficiência de fertilizantes como o superfosfato triplo e fosfatos naturais reativos. Neste estudo, a resposta da soja à adubação com P e as formas de P até 40 cm de profundidade do solo foram avaliadas após a aplicação de fosfatos em um sistema conduzido em semeadura direta há cinco anos. Os tratamentos consistiram de 0 ou 80 kg ha -1 P 2 O 5 total, aplicados na superfície do solo como fosfato natural reativo (FNR) ou superfosfato triplo (SFT). Nas subparcelas foram aplicados, no sulco de semeadura, 80 kg ha -1 de P 2 O 5 , em diferentes combinações de FNR e SFT. Amostras de solo foram coletadas até 0.4 m, antes e depois do cultivo da soja (Glycine max L.), para fracionamento do P. As respostas ao FNR foram semelhantes às do SFT, com aumento das reservas de P em profundidade, mesmo em formas não-disponíveis como P-ocluso. Após a colheita da soja, os teores de P-ocluso diminuíram na camada mais superficial, mas foi observado um aumento nas formas solúvel, orgânica e P -total em toda a espessura de solo estudada. A melhor distribuição do P no solo, principalmente em formas solúvel e orgânica, resultou em maior produtividade da soja, mesmo quando o fertilizante foi aplicado na superfície do solo. Palavras-c...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate fertilization and phosphorus forms in an Oxisol under no-till

Olibone

Rosolem

2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…Although tillage in spring before rice cultivation is usually done in southeastern Japan, paddy rice fields are not always plowed during the fallow season from autumn to winter. Tillage, which is a major land management practice, induces decomposition of soil organic matter (e.g., Salinas-Garcia et al 1997;Koga et al 2006). Therefore, CH 4 emission from rice paddy fields could potentially be reduced, if increasing the number of tillage times during fallow season could reduce CH 4 emission from rice paddy fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the number of tillages in fallow season and fertilizer type on greenhouse gas emission from a rice (Oryza sativaL.) paddy field in Ehime, southwestern Japan

Toma

Oomori

Asuka

et al. 2015

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Effect of the number of tillages in fallow season and fertilizer type on greenhouse gas emission from a rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy field in Ehime, southwestern Japan Agricultural fields, including rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy fields, constitute one of the major sources of atmospheric methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Organic matter application, such as straw and organic fertilizer, enhances CH 4 emission from paddy fields. In addition, rice straw management after harvest regulates CH 4 emissions in the growing season. The interaction of tillage times and organic fertilizer application on CH 4 and N 2 O emissions is largely unknown. Therefore, we studied the effects of fallow-season tillage times and fertilizer types on CH 4 and N 2 O emissions in paddy fields in Ehime, southwestern Japan. From November 2011 to October 2013, four treatments, two (autumn and spring) or one (spring) in the first year, or two (autumn and spring) or three (autumn, winter, and spring) in the second year times of tillage with chemical or organic fertilizer application, were established. Gas fluxes were measured by the closed-chamber method. Increasing the number of tillage times from one to two decreased succeeding CH 4 emission and the emission factor for CH 4 (EF CH4 ) in the rice-growing season, suggesting that the substrate for CH 4 production was reduced by autumn and spring tillage in the fallow season. Higher EF CH4 [1.8-2.0 kg carbon (C) ha] was observed when more straw was applied (6.9-7.2 Mg ha −1 ) in the second year. Organic fertilizer application induced higher CH 4 emission just after the application as basal and supplemental fertilizers, especially at a lower straw application rate. This indicated that EF CH4 in the organically managed fields should be determined individually. Organic fertilizer application with two tillage times induced N 2 O efflux during the rice-growing season in the second year, but N 2 O emissions were not affected by winter tillage. Although paddy fields can act as an N 2 O sink because of reduced soil conditions when straw application was high, application of organic C and nitrogen as fertilizer can enhance N 2 O production by the denitrification process during the growing season, especially in the ripening stage when soil anaerobic conditions became moderate. These results suggest that negative emission factors for N 2 O (EF N2O ) can be applied, and EF N2O of organic fertilizer should be considered during the estimation of N 2 O emission in the paddy field.ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…) Tillage promotes mineralization of soil organic C and N by disrupting soil aggregates and exposing new soil surfaces, and by increasing aeration (Balesdent et al 1990;Cambardella and Elliot 1993). Tillage also incorporates plant residue into the soil that promotes its decomposition (Franzluebbers et al 1995a,b;Salinas-Garcia et al 1997). Organic C and N are key components of soil quality that help to sustain its fertility and productivity (Bauer and Black 1994;Doran and Parkin 1994).…”

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Cover crops and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil carbon and nitrogen and tomato yield

Sainju¹,

Singh²,

Whitehead³

2000

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Cover crops and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil carbon and nitrogen and tomato yield. Can J. Soil Sci. 80: 523-532. Cover crops can influence soil properties and crop yield. We examined the influence of legume [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)] and nonlegume [rye (Secale cereale L.)] cover crops and N fertilization (0, 90, and 180 kg N ha -1 ) on the short-and long-term effects on soil C and N and tomato yield and N uptake. We measured organic C and N (long-term effects), potential C and N mineralization (PCM and PNM) and inorganic N (short-term effects) periodically on a Greenville fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Rhodic Kandiudults) planted with tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) from April to August in 1996 and 1997 in Georgia USA. Soil C and N concentrations increased early in the growing season with cover crop residue incorporation, but decreased as the residue decomposed. Rye increased organic N and maintained greater levels of organic C and PCM after 3 yr than other treatments. In contrast, hairy vetch and crimson clover increased PNM and inorganic N soon after residue incorporation into the soil and produced tomato yield and N uptake similar to that produced by 90 and 180 kg N ha -1 . Nitrogen fertilization increased PNM and inorganic N after split application and tomato yield and N uptake but decreased organic C and N and PCM compared with rye. Compared with 0 kg N ha -1 , nonlegume cover crops, such as rye can increase organic C and N and PCM but legume cover crops, such as hairy vetch and crimson clover, can enrich soil N and produce tomato yield and N uptake similar to that produced by 90 and 180 kg N ha -1 .

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Long‐Term Effects of Tillage and Fertilization on Soil Organic Matter Dynamics

Cited by 152 publications

References 0 publications

Phosphate fertilization and phosphorus forms in an Oxisol under no-till

Phosphate fertilization and phosphorus forms in an Oxisol under no-till

Effect of the number of tillages in fallow season and fertilizer type on greenhouse gas emission from a rice (Oryza sativaL.) paddy field in Ehime, southwestern Japan

Cover crops and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil carbon and nitrogen and tomato yield

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