Long-term effects of tillage and crop rotations on soil organic C and total N in a clay soil in southwestern Saskatchewan

Campbell, C. A.; McConkey, B.G.; Zentner, R. P.; Selles, F.; Curtin, D.

doi:10.4141/cjss96-047

Cited by 186 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…1 for the F-W, F-W-W and W-Lent (N + P) rotations for the period 1967-1996(Campbell et al 2000a. In this paper we further tested the effectiveness of Eq.…”

Section: Estimating Soc Using Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soil texture at this rotation site varies from loam to silty clay loam. Various workers have shown that there is a direct relationship between SOC and clay content (Campbell et al 1996). If the W-Lent treatment had consistently finer texture more uniformly distributed throughout the plots than the other treatments, it might have had a higher C content than the other rotations even in 1967.…”

Section: Estimating Soc Using Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Eq. 2 was developed for a clay-textured soil, whereas our soil is a loam to clay loam in which C sequestration will be lower than in a clay (Campbell et al 1996), we substituted its numerical…”

Section: Estimating Soc Changes In Crop Residue Inputs and Soil Decommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples taken after 1993 were analyzed differently. Representative subsamples of the <2 mm material were ground with a roller mill (<153 µm) and a 20-mg subsample analyzed for total N and organic C by an automated combustion technique (Carlo Erba™, Milan, Italy) at 1000°C (Campbell et al 1996). The organic C was obtained after pretreatment of soil with phosphoric acid to remove inorganic C. A reference soil, obtained from the Canadian certified reference materials, supplied by Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology, was included with our samples whenever we conducted C and N analyses.…”

Section: Monitoring Soil Organic Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a simple model to describe carbon accumulation in a Brown Chernozem under varying fallow frequency

Campbell¹,

Zentner²,

Selles³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2001. Evaluation of a simple model to describe carbon accumulation in a Brown Chernozem under varying fallow frequency. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 383-394. Soil organic C (SOC) is readily influenced by crop management practices, such as summerfallowing. On the Canadian prairies, the area summerfallowed has decreased significantly in recent years. Our objectives were to determine the influence of fallow frequency on the rate of change in SOC in an Orthic Brown Chernozem, and to test the effectiveness of an empirical equation developed in an earlier study for estimating SOC changes in these rotations over 33-yr period. The rotations, which were initiated in 1967, all received adequate N and P fertilizers. They were (i) fallow-spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (F-W), F-W-W, F-W-W-W-W-W and Wlentil (Lens culinaris L.) (W-Lent). Soil organic C was measured in the 0-to 15-cm and 15-to 30-cm depths in 1976, 1981, 1984, 1990, 1993, 1996 and 1999. No measurements of SOC were made in 1967; we estimated SOC starting values to be 30.5 Mg ha -1 in the 0-to 15-cm depth. In the period 1967 to 1990, when growing season precipitation was near normal for this semiarid region, SOC in the four rotations approached a steady state. However, a decade of much more favourable growing season precipitation in the 1990s increased C inputs, which resulted in a marked increase in SOC in the treatments. The empirical equation suggests, and the F-W and W-Lent rotations appear to confirm, that these rotations are approaching a new steady state at a higher level of SOC, reflecting the decade of favourable precipitation. Measured SOC levels were quite variable, emphasizing the difficulty of relying on measurements made over short time frames (e.g., 5-6yr) when quantifying SOC changes. The equation effectively simulated the trends in SOC changes in all rotations, but consistently underestimated SOC levels in the W-Lent rotation by about 2 Mg ha -1 . Estimates of difference in SOC between treatments were generally similar whether expressed on a mass/fixed depth or a mass/equivalent depth basis. Based on the estimates derived by the empirical equation, we estimated rates of SOC sequestration during the 1967-1990 period to be 0.03 Mg ha -1 yr -1 for F-W, 0.10 Mg ha -1 yr -1 for F-W-W, and 0.15 Mg ha -1 yr -1 for W-Lent. If we include the decade of more favourable precipitation , the rates were between 0.05 Mg ha -1 yr -1 for F-W and 0.20 Mg ha -1 yr -1 for W-Lent. These values are much higher than those estimated by others using the CENTURY model. We concluded that (i) simple models, such as that used in this study, are very useful for estimating management effects on SOC changes, and (ii) we must be cautious in extrapolating C sequestration estimates based on data from short-term experiments because future weather conditions are not easily predicted and weather can have an important impact on C sequestration. 1976, 1981, 1984, 1990, 1993, 1996 et 1999. Elle n'avait toutefois pas été évaluée en 1967. Les auteurs estiment que la CCOS s'établissait ...

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“…1 for the F-W, F-W-W and W-Lent (N + P) rotations for the period 1967-1996(Campbell et al 2000a. In this paper we further tested the effectiveness of Eq.…”

Section: Estimating Soc Using Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimating Soc Using Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimating Soc Changes In Crop Residue Inputs and Soil Decommentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monitoring Soil Organic Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of a simple model to describe carbon accumulation in a Brown Chernozem under varying fallow frequency

Campbell¹,

Zentner²,

Selles³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…No-tillage (or zero tillage) has been adopted by growers to improve the timeliness of operations and reduce costs, but other benefits include reduced erosion (Flower et al 2008) and improved soil carbon content (Campbell et al 1996;BlancoCanqui et al 2010). However, in sandy soils, retention of crop residues (stubble) can aggravate repellency (Harper and Gilkes 1994;Urbanek et al 2007;Blanco-Canqui 2011) because no-till concentrates organic matter and associated waxes in surface-soil layers.…”

Section: No-tillage and Stubble Retentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management options for water-repellent soils in Australian dryland agriculture

Roper

Davies²,

Blackwell³

et al. 2015

Soil Res.

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Abstract. Water-repellent ('non-wetting') soils are a major constraint to agricultural production in southern and south-west Australia, affecting >10 Mha of arable sandy soils. The major symptom is dry patches of surface soil, even after substantial rainfall, directly affecting agricultural production through uneven crop and pasture germination, and reduced nutrient availability. In addition, staggered weed germination impedes effective weed control, and delayed crop and pasture germination increases the risk of wind erosion. Water repellency is caused by waxy organic compounds derived from the breakdown of organic matter mostly of plant origin. It is more prevalent in soils with a sandy surface texture; their low particle surface area : volume ratio means that a smaller amount of waxy organic compounds can effectively cover a greater proportion of the particle surface area than in a fine-textured soil. Water repellency commonly occurs in sandy duplex soils (Sodosols and Chromosols) and deep sandy soils (Tenosols) but can also occur in Calcarosols, Kurosols and Podosols that have a sandy surface texture. Severity of water repellency has intensified in some areas with the adoption of no-till farming, which leads to the accumulation of soil organic matter (and hence waxy compounds) at the soil surface. Growers have also noticed worsening repellency after 'dry' or early sowing when break-of-season rains have been unreliable.Management strategies for water repellency fall into three categories: (i) amelioration, the properties of surface soils are changed; (ii) mitigation, water repellency is managed to allow crop and pasture production; (iii) avoidance, severely affected or poorly producing areas are removed from annual production and sown to perennial forage. Amelioration techniques include claying, deep cultivation with tools such as rotary spaders, or one-off soil inversion with mouldboard ploughs. These techniques can be expensive, but produce substantial, long-lasting benefits. However, they carry significant environmental risks if not adopted correctly. Mitigation strategies include furrow-seeding, application of wetting agents (surfactants), no-till with stubble retention, on-row seeding, and stimulating natural microbial degradation of waxy compounds. These are much cheaper than amelioration strategies, but have smaller and sometimes inconsistent impacts on crop production. For any given farm, economic analysis suggests that small patches of water repellency might best be ameliorated, but large areas should be treated initially with mitigation strategies. Further research is required to determine the long-term impacts of cultivation treatments, seeding systems and chemical and biological amendments on the expression and management of water repellency in an agricultural context.

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From soilscapes to landscapes: A landscape‐oriented approach to simulate soil organic carbon dynamics in intensively managed landscapes

et al. 2015

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Most available biogeochemical models focus within a soil profile and cannot adequately resolve contributions of the lighter size fractions of organic rich soils for enrichment ratio (ER) estimates, thereby causing unintended errors in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage predictions. These models set ER as constant, usually equal to unity. The goal of this study is to provide spatiotemporal predictions of SOC stocks at the hillslope scale that account for the selective entrainment and deposition of lighter size fractions. It is hypothesized herein that ER values may vary depending on hillslope location, Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) conditions, and magnitude of the hydrologic event. An ER module interlinked with two established models, CENTURY and Watershed Erosion Prediction Project, is developed that considers the effects of changing runoff coefficients, bare soil coverage, tillage depth, fertilization, and soil roughness on SOC redistribution and storage. In this study, a representative hillslope is partitioned into two control volumes (CVs): a net erosional upslope zone and a net depositional downslope zone. We first estimate ER values for both CVs I and II for different hydrologic and LULC conditions. Second, using the improved ER estimates for the two CVs, we evaluate the effects that management practices have on SOC redistribution during different crop rotations. Overall, LULC promoting less runoff generally yielded higher ER values, which ranged between 0.97 and 3.25. Eroded soils in the upland CV were up to 4% more enriched in SOC than eroded soils in the downslope CV due to larger interrill contributions, which were found to be of equal importance to rill contributions. The chronosequence in SOC storage for the erosional zone revealed that conservation tillage and enhanced crop yields begun in the 1980s reversed the downward trend in SOC losses, causing nearly 26% of the lost SOC to be regained.

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Long-term effects of tillage and crop rotations on soil organic C and total N in a clay soil in southwestern Saskatchewan

Cited by 186 publications

References 2 publications

Evaluation of a simple model to describe carbon accumulation in a Brown Chernozem under varying fallow frequency

Evaluation of a simple model to describe carbon accumulation in a Brown Chernozem under varying fallow frequency

Management options for water-repellent soils in Australian dryland agriculture

From soilscapes to landscapes: A landscape‐oriented approach to simulate soil organic carbon dynamics in intensively managed landscapes

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