Long-term effects of stocking density on survival, growth performance and marketable production of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Qi, Shoubing; Zhang, Weijie; Jing, Chenchen; Wang, Haifeng; Zhao, Shuai; Zhou, Mi; Chang, Yaqing

doi:10.1007/s10499-016-9988-x

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Stocking density significantly influenced the growth rate of both body weight and test diameter and body weight dispersal but did not influence mortality and test diameter dispersal. Our results are very consistent with those of Qi et al (), whose experiment was a laboratory study, suggesting that stocking density effect is stable in S. intermedius whether cultured in the laboratory or in the sea. The high consistency might be attributed to the same water quality between stocking densities that made the stocking density effect “pure.” In the study of Qi et al (), four stocking density treatments were used in the same tank to exclude the interference by water quality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our results are very consistent with those of Qi et al (), whose experiment was a laboratory study, suggesting that stocking density effect is stable in S. intermedius whether cultured in the laboratory or in the sea. The high consistency might be attributed to the same water quality between stocking densities that made the stocking density effect “pure.” In the study of Qi et al (), four stocking density treatments were used in the same tank to exclude the interference by water quality. However, in this study, the nonstop flowing water in the sea also could avoid the variation caused by water quality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…That might be attributed to the lower variation in test diameter than in body weight. Generally, test diameter had lower phenotype variation than body weight (Chang et al, ; Liu et al, ; Qi et al, ; Zhang et al, ) because body weight contains the weight of test, coelomic fluid, and other soft tissues inside the test. Accumulation of these partial differences increased the significance in body weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This rule has also been proven to be applicative in sea urchins whether through long‐term (James, Siikavuopio, & Wyatt Reguera, ; Qi et al, ; Siikavuopio & James, ) or short‐term (Siikavuopio, Dale, & Mortensen, ; Wang, Cheng, Yang, & Wang, ) experiments. Social interactions caused by high stocking density might be attributed to the detrimental influences on growth or survival in both S. droebachiensis (James et al, ; Siikavuopio et al, ) and S. intermedius (Qi et al, ). Most of the results of the above studies in sea urchins were based on laboratory experiments.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Interactive effects of family and stocking density on survival and growth of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Zhang

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2019

J World Aquaculture Soc

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To investigate the effects of family, stocking density, and their interaction on mortality, growth rate, and size dispersal in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius, 1,440 juveniles from six full‐sib families were exposed to three stocking densities, that is, low stocking density (LD), middle stocking density (MD), and high stocking density (HD), and reared for 10 months in sea‐based suspended cages. The results demonstrated significant family effects on cumulative mortality rate (CMR); specific growth rate for test diameter (SGR for TD); specific growth rate for body weight (SGR for BW); coefficient of variation for body weight at the 10th month (CV for BW10); and significant stocking density effects on SGR for TD, SGR for BW, and CV for BW10. Statistically significant family by stocking density interaction was only found in SGR for TD. A certain degree of family‐ranking inversions occurred in SGR for TD. The present study provides evidence for the existence of family by stocking density interaction on the growth rate of test diameter in the family selection for S. intermedius. More attention should be paid to this interaction effect to select correct parents in S. intermedius.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Interactive effects of family and stocking density on survival and growth of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Zhang

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2019

J World Aquaculture Soc

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“…The growth of sea urchins is sensitive to temperature [4,5,6,7]. In S. intermedius , with regard to the specific growth rate (SGR), the significant effects of environmental factors, such as diet [8] and stocking density [9], have been documented. However, the effect of temperature on SGR is rarely seen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Growth and Survival Response to Two Simulated Water Temperature Environments in the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Chang

Tian

Zhang

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Heat tolerance is a target trait in the selective breeding of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius, as it plays an important role in the survival and growth of cultured S. intermedius during summer. We investigated family growth and survival response to two temperature treatments to evaluate the genotype by temperature interaction (GEI) in the family selection of S. intermedius. Sea urchins from 11 families were exposed to two simulated water temperature environments—high temperature (HE) and control temperature (CE)—for 12 months, with each experiment divided into four periods (P1, stress-free period I; P2, stress-full high period; P3, stress-response period; and P4, stress-free period II) based on the temperature changes and the survival. Test diameter (TD), body weight (BW), and survival rate (SR) in HE and CE were measured monthly. Effects of family, temperature, and family-temperature interaction on TD, BW, SR, and specific growth rate (SGR) for BW were examined. In CE, BW differed significantly between families in P2, P3, and P4, while TD differed significantly between families in P3 and P4 (p < 0.05). In HE, family had significant effects on BW in P4, and on TD in P3 and P4, while temperature had significant effects on SR, TD, and BW in P3 and P4 (p < 0.05). GEI effects were not significant for TD or BW; however, family ranking changes revealed the existence of GEI in SR. The GEI results indicate the necessity of applying family selection in CE and HE for SR, but not for TD or BW. These results may provide a guide for aquaculture and selective breeding of S. intermedius under temperature pressure.

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Effect of basket height and stocking density on production of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla: insights and recommendations

De Vos,

Cyrus,

Bolton

et al. 2024

Aquacult Int

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Basket height and stocking density are crucial and related factors for successful commercial sea urchin aquaculture, but these factors have not been definitively determined for production of Tripneustes gratilla. This study investigated the effects of varying basket heights (deep 30 cm vs. shallow 15 cm) and stocking densities (4, 6 and 8 kg.m−2 or 13, 19 and 24% coverage of available basket surface area) on aquacultural production of T. gratilla. Contrary to previous suggestions, reduced consumption was identified as the cause of decreased production in deeper baskets. Consumption was significantly higher in shallow baskets than deep baskets for both the fresh seaweed, Ulva lacinulata, (W = 38, p = 0.026) and formulated feed (W = 76.5, p = 0.007). Consequently, baskets of approximately 15 cm deep are recommended to enhance production of T. gratilla and possibly other urchin species. Two subsequent trials assessed production of T. gratilla at different stocking densities. Trial 1 aimed to maximize urchin size over a three-month grow-out period using fresh U. lacinulata, while trial 2 focused on enhancing gonad production over two months using formulated feed. Although greater stocking density significantly reduced the specific growth rates of individual urchin mass in both trials (p < 0.044), there was no significant impact on mortality, net production or gonad size and quality. The variations in growth rates were attributed to spine loss resulting from negative behavioural interactions (F2, 9 = 9.551; p = 0.005). Based on the objectives of both grow-out and gonad-enhancement phases, we recommend a stocking density of approximately 20% coverage.

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Long-term effects of stocking density on survival, growth performance and marketable production of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Interactive effects of family and stocking density on survival and growth of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Interactive effects of family and stocking density on survival and growth of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Family Growth and Survival Response to Two Simulated Water Temperature Environments in the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Effect of basket height and stocking density on production of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla: insights and recommendations

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