Long-term Effects of Plant Stanols on the Lipid Profile of Patients With Hypercholesterolemia. A Randomized Clinical Trial

Martínez, Ignacio Párraga; López-Torres-Hidalgo, Jesús; Campo, José M. del Campo-del; Galdón-Blesa, María P.; Precioso-Yáñez, Juan C.; Rabanales-Sotos, Joseba; García-Reyes-Ramos, Mercedes; Andrés-Pretel, Fernando; Bravo, Beatriz Navarro; Lloret-Callejo, Ángeles

doi:10.1016/j.rec.2014.07.035

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The intervention period in this study lasted for 12 months. The long-term effect of plant stanol ester has been confirmed in other studies, in which the intervention period has lasted from 12 months to 85 weeks [ 32 , 33 ]. It is noteworthy that when the daily consumption of plant stanol ester is stopped, serum LDL-cholesterol concentration rapidly increases towards initial levels [ 24 ].…”

Section: What Is Plant Stanol Ester?supporting

confidence: 52%

“…The effect is sustained as long as plant stanol ester is included in the daily diet; the longest intervention period in a clinical study has been 85 weeks. If the consumption is stopped, the plant stanol ester specific cholesterol-lowering effect will be lost within 1-2 weeks (modified from [ 18 , 22 , 24 , 27 , 32 , 33 , 35 – 37 ]).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Use of Plant Stanol Ester in the Management of Hypercholesterolemia

et al. 2015

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Plant stanol ester is a natural compound which is used as a cholesterol-lowering ingredient in functional foods and food supplements. The safety and efficacy of plant stanol ester have been confirmed in more than 70 published clinical studies and the ingredient is a well-established and widely recommended dietary measure to reduce serum cholesterol. Daily intake of 2 g plant stanols as plant stanol ester lowers LDL-cholesterol by 10%, on average. In Europe, foods with added plant stanol ester have been on the market for 20 years, and today such products are also available in many Asian and American countries. Despite the well-documented efficacy, the full potential in cholesterol reduction may not be reached if plant stanol ester is not used according to recommendations. This review therefore concentrates on the optimal use of plant stanol ester as part of dietary management of hypercholesterolemia. For optimal cholesterol lowering aiming at a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, plant stanol ester should be used daily, in sufficient amounts, with a meal and in combination with other recommended dietary changes.

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Section: What Is Plant Stanol Ester?supporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Use of Plant Stanol Ester in the Management of Hypercholesterolemia

et al. 2015

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“…However, at least 1-2 g/d of isolated phytosterols are necessary to decrease LDL and cholesterol concentrations [43,44], and phytosterol concertation in ALE is relatively very low, particularly when looking at a general recommendation of ALE at 2-3 g/d. This amount of phytosterol would not be found in a typical 100 g portion of cooked artichoke heart either.…”

Section: Artichoke Its Polyphenols and Phytosterols: Mechanisms Of Amentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of artichoke on lipid profile: A review of possible mechanisms of action

Santos

Bueno

Mota

2018

Pharmacological Research

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Cardiovascular disease is a highly prevalent issue worldwide, and one of its main manifestations, dyslipidaemia, needs more attention. Cooked artichoke (Cynara scolymus) hearts or artichoke leaf extract (ALE) are believed to be helpful in the treatment of dyslipidaemia. In this narrative review, we provide a brief overview of the potential impact of artichoke consumption on lipid profile. We appraised the Cochrane, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases, and included articles published between 2000 and June 2018 on intervention in humans only. The main potential of ALE administration observed on lipid profile relates to decreased serum LDL, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, although no strong evidence for increasing HDL appears to exist. Evidence suggests that decreases of 8-49 mg/dL for LDL concentration, 12-55 mg/dL for total cholesterol, and 11-51 mg/dL for triglycerides, can be attributed to 2 to 3 g/d of ALE, in which its components luteolin and chlorogenic acid may play a key role. On the other hand, the effects of cooked artichoke hearts can be attributed mainly to its soluble fibres, particularly inulin. Despite the convincing evidence on its health benefits, additional long-term clinical trials are pivotal to fully elucidate the potential effects of ALE administration on positive cardiovascular outcomes.

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“…Most of the more recent applications are different formats of dairy products such as yoghurts or dairy minidrinks. With 2 g plant stanols (as plant stanol ester) in minidrinks, previously LDL cholesterol lowering of 0.34–0.37 mmol/L or 8–10% has been demonstrated [ 13 , 15 , 18 ]. Our results are well in accordance with these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With plant sterol ester, LDL lowering effect has been studied with doses ranging from 1.6 g to 3 g/d plant sterols with variable results considering efficacy [ 9 – 12 ]. With plant stanol ester, minidrinks with 1.6 g plant stanols have not been previously studied, but only studies with plant stanol doses 2 g/d or higher in minidrinks exist [ 13 – 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol Lowering Effect of Plant Stanol Ester Yoghurt Drinks with Added Camelina Oil

Salo

Kuusisto

2016

Cholesterol

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yoghurt minidrinks containing two doses of plant stanol ester either with or without added camelina oil on the serum cholesterol levels in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. In this randomised, double-blind, parallel group study, 143 subjects consumed a 65 mL minidrink together with a meal daily for four weeks. The minidrink contained 1.6 or 2.0 grams of plant stanols with or without 2 grams of alpha-linolenic acid-rich camelina oil. The placebo minidrink did not contain plant stanols or camelina oil. All plant stanol treated groups showed statistically significant total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol lowering relative to baseline and relative to placebo. Compared to placebo, LDL cholesterol was lowered by 9.4% (p < 0.01) and 8.1% (p < 0.01) with 1.6 g and 2 g plant stanols, respectively. With addition of Camelina oil, 1.6 g plant stanols resulted in 11.0% (p < 0.01) and 2 g plant stanols in 8.4% (p < 0.01) reduction in LDL cholesterol compared to placebo. In conclusion, yoghurt minidrinks with plant stanol ester reduced serum LDL cholesterol significantly and addition of a small amount of camelina oil did not significantly enhance the cholesterol lowering effect. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02628990.

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Long-term Effects of Plant Stanols on the Lipid Profile of Patients With Hypercholesterolemia. A Randomized Clinical Trial

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Optimal Use of Plant Stanol Ester in the Management of Hypercholesterolemia

Optimal Use of Plant Stanol Ester in the Management of Hypercholesterolemia

The effect of artichoke on lipid profile: A review of possible mechanisms of action

Cholesterol Lowering Effect of Plant Stanol Ester Yoghurt Drinks with Added Camelina Oil

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