Long-Term Effects of Organic Insecticides on Two Species of Stonefly Naiads

Jensen, Loren D.; Gaufin, Arden R.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1964)93[357:leooio]2.0.co;2

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…These results are similar to those observed by Jarvinen et al (1976) for fathead minnows exposed to DDT in food or water or both. Our survival data indicate that the toxic effects of endrin are cumulative, which is in agreement with the work of other researchers (Henderson et al 1959, Jensen and Gaufin 1966, Johnson 1967. Before death our fish exhibited loss of equilibrium and lateral body rolling.…”

Section: Time (Doys)supporting

confidence: 93%

Toxicity to fathead minnows of endrin in food and water

Jarvinen¹,

Tyo²

1978

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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Abstract. Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed during a partial chronic toxicity study to endrin concentrations in the water or food, or both, for 300 days encompassing reproduction. Tissue residues were analyzed at preset intervals for first-generation fish, and were also determined for embryos, larvae at hatch, and 30-day progeny. Gas-chromatographic and liquid-scintillation techniques were used to monitor the contribution of endrin from each source. The food was clams that had accumulated 14C-endrin when exposed to an endrin water concentration similar to that to which the fish were exposed.Higher endrin tissue residues were accumulated from the water than from food. Maximum concentration factors were 0.8 from the food and 13,000 from the water. Residues contributed by eiadrin in the food were additive to those from the water at all life stages. Endrin in the food (0.63 ppm) significantly reduced survival of the fathead minnows, and fish exposed to both endrin sources had lower survival than those exposed to either source alone. Endrin residues in embryos and larvae were highest and larval survival lowest for progeny of adults exposed to endrin in both food and water. Survival of 30-day progeny was significantly reduced at all test exposures (0.63 ppm in the food, water exposures of 0.14 and 0.25 ppb, and all combinations of food and water exposure).

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Section: Time (Doys)supporting

confidence: 93%

Toxicity to fathead minnows of endrin in food and water

Jarvinen¹,

Tyo²

1978

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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“…Point c above (conducting tests with different toxicants) may be associated with more pronounced effects of current velocity on sensitivity to toxicants. Two studies, one using stoneflies exposed to five organic insecticides for 4 d [62] and the other using fish exposed to pentachlorophenol for approximately 6 d [18,19], found clear differences in sensitivity between tests conducted in zero versus low-flow chambers. For four of the six toxicants, the animals were more sensitive in the static chambers, but the reverse occurred for the other two toxicants.…”

Section: Nacl Toxicity and The Effect Of Current Velocity On Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity testing with artificial streams: Effects of differences in current velocity

Lowell

Culp

Wrona

1995

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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When designing toxicity tests with lotic organisms, the role of current velocity is a key consideration when evaluating the test organism's response. We conducted a series of short‐term toxicity experiments with the mayfly Baetis tricaudatus Dodds to determine the effect of current velocity on mayfly response to the reference toxicant sodium chloride. The tests were run at three substratum‐level velocities: low (0 cm/s), medium (6 cm/s, typical of estimated intrasubstratum velocities in the field), and high (12 cm/s). The end points measured for the mayflies were immobilization and number of molts. The animals showed signs of stress, and the EC50 was lower in the 0 cm/s treatment, probably due to insufficient delivery of oxygen to the gills. This did not, however, lead to much change in sensitivity (measured as lowest‐observed‐effect concentration; LOEC) to the reference toxicant. Furthermore, neither EC50 nor LOEC differed between 6 and 12 cm/s. This suggests a threshold between 0 and 6 cm/s above which the effect of current velocity was no longer measurable. These results provide initial support for the recommendation that short‐term toxicity tests using lotic organisms should ensure that the animals are exposed to at least some flow. Long‐term tests, and those with different toxicants, may require further fine‐tuning of current velocity.

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“…Studies were performed with some of the trace organics to evaluate their long-term effects. Because of the limited quantity of test materials available, continuous flow studies which have been used by other investigators 11,12 were ruled out and an alternate procedure developed.…”

Section: Long-tenn Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Effects of Odorous Trace Organics

Smith¹,

Grigoropoulos²

1968

Journal AWWA

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The principle objectives of this investigation were the recovery of organic micropollutants from subsurface and surface Missouri waters; the characterization and identification of these substances; the evaluation of their toxic effects, both acute and long‐term; and, the development of methods for their destruction or removal. The carbon adsorption method of recovering trace organics from water was used. Because of the higher concentration of organics in the spring water, large quantities of extracts were obtained and permitted extensive toxicity studies. The acute and long‐term toxic effects of the surface and subsurface organics were quite different, as were their effects upon respiratory enzyme systems. The batch‐type long‐term bioassay, necessary because of the limited quantity of organics available, provided a workable procedure for the evaluation of the cumulative long‐term effects of the trace organics. Tissue studies and visual observation of dissected exposed fish provided an insight on the mode of action of the toxicants.

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Long-Term Effects of Organic Insecticides on Two Species of Stonefly Naiads

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Toxicity to fathead minnows of endrin in food and water

Toxicity to fathead minnows of endrin in food and water

Toxicity testing with artificial streams: Effects of differences in current velocity

Toxic Effects of Odorous Trace Organics

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