Long‐term effects of obesity on COVID‐19 patients discharged from hospital

Shang, Luorui; Wang, Li; Zhou, Fangyuan; Li, Jinxiao; Liu, Yuhan; Yang, Shenglan

doi:10.1002/iid3.522

Cited by 14 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Finally, we reviewed the full text of 15 articles and included 15 observational studies (11 from China, three from Italy and one from the United Kingdom, N = 3134). Egger's test did not suggest a significant publication bias ( p = 0.994) (Figure 1 and Figures S1 and S2 in the Supporting Information) 6,8–21 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Between the mid‐term and 1‐year follow‐up, 138 patients were lost to follow‐up; therefore, 1801 patients were evaluated for CT at 1 year (Figure S3 and Table S2 in the Supporting Information). Three studies did not report the proportion of overall residual CT abnormalities but reported other specific findings 12,16,21 . The proportion of patients with any residual CT abnormalities in 12 studies was estimated to be 32.6% (512/1629, 95% CI 24.0–42.6, I 2 = 92.9%; Figure 2A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to severity, SARS and MERS studies identified older age as a potential risk factor for subsequent pulmonary fibrosis 33,34 . For COVID‐19, elderly, diabetes, obesity, lymphopenia, elevated d ‐dimer, C‐reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase have been suggested as possible risk factors for fibrotic changes as well as the severity 6,12,13,15,19,35 . These fibrotic findings may represent permanent lung damage, and the number of patients affected by COVID‐19 is substantial 31,33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several prospective studies have sought to examine long‐term CT changes in COVID‐19, these findings were limited by small cohort sizes 6,8–21 . In addition, the interpretations of each study varied due to the wide range of severity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One‐year follow‐up CT findings in COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Watanabe

Iwagami

et al. 2022

Respirology

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often causes radiological and functional pulmonary sequelae. However, evidence on 1-year follow-up of pulmonary sequelae is limited. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and time-course of pulmonary sequelae after recovery from COVID-19 through 1-year follow-up. We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases on 25 February 2022, and included studies with computed tomography (CT) findings at the 1-year follow-up. The extracted data on CT findings were analysed using a one-group meta-analysis. We further analysed the data in relation to COVID-19 severity, improvement rate and lung function. Fifteen eligible studies (N = 3134) were included. One year after COVID-19, 32.6% (95% CI 24.0-42.6, I 2 = 92.9%) presented with residual CT abnormalities. Ground-glass opacity and fibrotic-like changes were frequently observed in 21.2% (95% CI 15.4-28.4, I 2 = 86.7%) and 20.6% (95% CI 11.0-35.2, I 2 = 91.9%), respectively. While the gradual recovery was seen on CT (52.9% [midterm] vs. 32.6% [1 year]), the frequency of CT abnormalities was higher in the severe/ critical cases than in the mild/moderate cases (37.7% vs. 20.7%). In particular, fibrotic changes showed little improvement between 4-7 months and 1 year after COVID-19. Pulmonary function tests at 1 year also showed the decline in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, especially in severe/critical cases. Our meta-analysis indicated that residual CT abnormalities were common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients 1 year after recovery, especially fibrotic changes in severe/critical cases. As these sequelae may last long, vigilant observations and longer follow-up periods are warranted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One‐year follow‐up CT findings in COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Watanabe

Iwagami

et al. 2022

Respirology

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“… 33 Another article suggests that the indexes of liver function in obese patients were significantly abnormal, and that the antibody titer of COVID-19 in obese patients was negatively correlated with BMI. 34 Our research shows that GGT is a risk factor for stage T3 liver function abnormality. Studies have shown that GGT is associated with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Changes in Serum Liver Function for Patients with COVID-19: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

Zhu¹,

Wang²,

Du³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Objective Abnormal liver function and liver injury related to COVID-19 during hospitalization has received widespread attention. However, the long-term observation of patients’ liver functions after discharge has not been investigated. This study intends to analyze the abnormal liver function in patients one year after they are discharged. Methods Serum liver function tests were analyzed for the first time immediately after hospitalization (T1), before discharge (T2), a median of 14.0 (14.0, 15.0) days after discharge (T3) and 1 year (356.0 (347.8, 367.0) days) after discharge (T4). Patients with at least one serum parameter (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and TB) exceeding the upper limit of reference range were defined as having abnormal liver function. Results For the 118 COVID-19 patients with a median follow-up time of 376.0 (71.5, 385.3) days from onset to the end of the follow-up after discharge, the proportion with abnormal liver function in T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 32.2%, 45.8%, 54.8% and 28.8%, respectively. The proportion of patients with at least once abnormal liver function detected from T1 to T2, T1 to T3, T1 to T4 was 60.2%, 77.4% and 88.9%, respectively. From T1 to T4, the ALT, AST, GGT and BMI at admission were significantly higher in the patients with persistently abnormal liver function than in the patients with persistently normal liver function. Abnormal liver function was mainly manifested in the elevation of GGT and TB levels. Multivariate logistics regression analysis showed that age and gender-adjusted ALT (odds ratio [OR]=2.041, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.170–3.561, P =0.012) at admission was a risk factor for abnormal liver function in the T4 stage. Conclusion Abnormal liver function in patients with COVID-19 can persist from admission to one year after discharge, and therefore, the long-term dynamic monitoring of liver function in patients with COVID-19 is necessary.

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The Dual Pandemics of COVID-19 and Obesity: Bidirectional Impact

Kapoor

Kalra²,

Mahmeed³

et al. 2022

Diabetes Ther

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been shown to disrupt many organ systems in the human body. Though several medical disorders have been affected by this infection, a few illnesses in addition may also play a role in determining the outcome of COVID-19. Obesity is one such disease which is not only affected by the occurrence of COVID-19 but can also result in a worse clinical outcome of COVID-19 infection. This manuscript summarizes the most recent evidence supporting the bidirectional impact of COVID-19 and obesity. It highlights how the presence of obesity can be detrimental to the outcome of COVID-19 in a given patient because of the mechanical limitations in lung compliance and also by the activation of several thrombo-inflammatory pathways. The sociodemographic changes brought about by the pandemic in turn have facilitated the already increasing prevalence of obesity. This manuscript highlights the importance of recognizing these pathways which may further help in policy changes that facilitate appropriate measures to prevent the further worsening of these two pandemics.

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Long‐term effects of obesity on COVID‐19 patients discharged from hospital

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

One‐year follow‐up CT findings in COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

One‐year follow‐up CT findings in COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Changes in Serum Liver Function for Patients with COVID-19: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

The Dual Pandemics of COVID-19 and Obesity: Bidirectional Impact

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