Long-term effects of maternal cannabis vapor exposure on emotional reactivity, social behavior, and behavioral flexibility in offspring

Weimar, Halle V.; Wright, Hayden R.; Warrick, Collin R.; Brown, Amanda M.; Lugo, Janelle M.; Freels, Timothy G.; McLaughlin, Ryan J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108288

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Conversely, 1 NHP and 2 rodent studies have found no association between prenatal marijuana exposure and fetal growth or birth weight. 18,21,23 Measurements of fetal growth did not differ significantly between infants born to rhesus macaques given IM injections of moderate to heavy doses of THC (2.5 mg/kg/d) throughout pregnancy, in the latter twothirds of pregnancy, or at the end of pregnancy. 18 Moreover, there was no significant difference in infant birth weights between those from mothers given THC and those from vehicle control mothers, though infants born to mothers in the experimental groups had reduced postnatal weight gain.…”

Section: Fetal Growth and Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 88%

Animal Models Evaluating the Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco and Marijuana

Olyaei

Campbell

Roberts

et al. 2022

Clinical Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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Within this review, the literature and outcomes from animal models of maternal marijuana use and cigarette smoking are summarized. The existing data demonstrate that prenatal marijuana and nicotine exposure both have multifaceted adverse effects on maternal, gestational, placental, and fetal outcomes. These include placental function and development, fetal growth and birth weight, and offspring neurodevelopment.

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Section: Fetal Growth and Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 88%

Animal Models Evaluating the Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco and Marijuana

Olyaei

Campbell

Roberts

et al. 2022

Clinical Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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“…THC inhalation during pregnancy did not alter maternal weight gain or litter size in this study. Only a limited number of studies examined THC inhalation during pregnancy and similarly found no effect of cannabis exposure on maternal weight gain or litter size (Breit et al., 2020; Weimar et al, 2020), but do show reduced birth weight in PCE offspring (Fried, 1976; Weimar et al, 2020). Maternal weight gain and litter size were not examined following THC injection during pregnancy in this study; however, similar to inhalation exposure, previous research found no effect on maternal weight gain or litter size but reduced birth weight in PCE offspring (Natale et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal models provide the ability to study PCE with precise control over timing and dosage, as well as investigation into the mechanism through which cannabis influences the brain. Focusing exclusively on prenatal exposure to cannabis or THC (as opposed to synthetic agonists), rodent studies found: decreased birth weight (Fried, 1976; Weimar et al, 2020); hyperactivity (Navarro & Rubio, 1995); altered long‐term memory (Campolongo et al, 2007); reduced social interaction (Trezza et al, 2008; Weimar et al, 2020); impaired reproductive functioning (Dalterio et al., 1984); increased anxiety‐like behavior (Trezza et al, 2008; Weimar et al, 2020); reduced behavioral flexibility (Weimar et al, 2020); altered drug‐seeking behavior (Rubio et al, 1998; Spano et al., 2007; Vela et al, 1998); and finally, altered stress response (Mokler et al., 1987; Rubio et al, 1998). However, these animal models differ in their route of administration (mainly injection vs. inhalation administration of THC) and their dosage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal‐fetal transmission of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites following inhalation and injection exposure during pregnancy in rats

Baglot

VanRyzin

Marquardt

et al. 2021

J of Neuroscience Research

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Cannabis use during pregnancy has increased over the past few decades, with recent data indicating that, in youth and young adults especially, up to 22% of people report using cannabis during pregnancy. Animal models provide the ability to study prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) with control over timing and dosage; however, these studies utilize both injection and inhalation approaches. While it is known that Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; primary psychoactive component of cannabis) can cross the placenta, examination of the transmission and concentration of THC and its metabolites from maternal blood into the placenta and fetal brain remains relatively unknown, and the influence of route of administration has never been examined. Pregnant female rats were exposed to either vaporized THC‐dominant cannabis extract for pulmonary consumption or subcutaneous injection of THC repeatedly during the gestational period. Maternal blood, placenta, and fetal brains were collected following the final administration of THC for analysis of THC and its metabolites, as well as endocannabinoid concentrations, through mass spectrometry. Both routes of administration resulted in the transmission of THC and its metabolites in placenta and fetal brain. Repeated exposure to inhaled THC vapor resulted in fetal brain THC concentrations that were about 30% of those seen in maternal blood, whereas repeated injections resulted in roughly equivalent concentrations of THC in maternal blood and fetal brain. Neither inhalation nor injection of THC during pregnancy altered fetal brain endocannabinoid concentrations. Our data provide the first characterization of maternal‐fetal transmission of THC and its metabolites following both vaporized delivery and injection routes of administration. These data are important to establish the maternal‐fetal transmission in preclinical injection and inhalation models of PCE and may provide insight into predicting fetal exposure in human studies.

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“…Indeed, they might exert positive or negative effects on squeals caused by excessive alcohol use, depending on the cannabinoid compound [15]. Although the detrimental consequences of CB1R agonists on developing brain have been well established [52,53], CBD has recently emerged as promising candidate for several pathological conditions, including alcohol-related harms [54]. Given that preliminary clinical data has already shed light on the positive CBD effects on FASD [55,56], preclinical evidence is firmly necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabidiol attenuates cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation induced by early alcohol exposure in a mice model

Puig

Algar

Valverde

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the umbrella term used to describe the physical and mental disabilities induced by alcohol exposure during development. Early alcohol exposure induces cognitive impairments resulting from damage to the central nervous system (CNS). The neuroinflammatory response accompanied by neurodegenerative mechanisms contribute to those detrimental alterations. Cannabidiol (CBD) has recently emerged as an anti-inflammatory drug that might be useful to treat several neuropsychiatric disorders. In our study, we assessed the effects of CBD on long-lasting cognitive deficits induced by early alcohol exposure. Furthermore, we analysed long-term pro-inflammatory and apoptotic markers within the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. To model alcohol binge drinking during gestational and lactation periods, we used pregnant C57BL/6 female mice with time-limited access to 20% v/v alcohol solution. Following the prenatal and lactation alcohol exposure (PLAE), we treated the male and female offspring with CBD from post-natal day (PD) 25 until PD34, and we evaluated their cognitive performance at PD60. Our results showed that CBD treatment during peri-adolescence period ameliorates cognitive deficits observed in our FASD-like mouse model, without sex differences. Moreover, CBD restores the PLAE-induced increased levels of TNFα and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Thus, our study provides new insights for CBD as a therapeutic agent to counteract cognitive impairments and neuroinflammation caused by early alcohol exposure.

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Long-term effects of maternal cannabis vapor exposure on emotional reactivity, social behavior, and behavioral flexibility in offspring

Cited by 37 publications

References 63 publications

Animal Models Evaluating the Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco and Marijuana

Animal Models Evaluating the Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco and Marijuana

Maternal‐fetal transmission of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites following inhalation and injection exposure during pregnancy in rats

Cannabidiol attenuates cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation induced by early alcohol exposure in a mice model

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