Long‐term effects of different exercise training modes on cytokines and adipokines in individuals with overweight/obesity and cardiometabolic diseases: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the evidence on the effects of different longterm training interventions (aerobic [AeT], resistance [RT], and combined [COMB]) and spontaneous physical activity (PA) in modifying cytokines and adipokines in individuals with overweight or obesity with or without cardiometabolic diseases while considering potential confounders. Although exercise interventions have become a potentially effective tool for preventing and treating metabolic diseases, the evidence provided by previous systematic reviews is inconclusive since several potential confounders have yet to be addressed. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature search in Medline, Cochrane, and Embase databases from January 2000 to July 2022 and performed a meta-analysis. Inclusion criteria retrieved 106 full texts comprising 8,642individuals with a range BMI of 25.1-43.8 kg m À2 . We found that independently of the training mode, exercise had a beneficial effect on diminishing Adiponectin, Creactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL-18, IL-20, Leptin, sICAM, and TNF-α levels circulating levels. Furthermore, by subsequent analysis, we detected differential effects of AeT, RT, and COMB, with sex, age, body composition, and trial length acting as moderators.

The dose-response effect of aerobic exercise on inflammation in colon cancer survivors

“…Compared to 150 min/wk, randomization to 300 min/wk of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise, did not significantly change hs-CRP, IL6, or TNFα ( 35 ). The effects of exercise on inflammation in subjects without cancer has been summarized in a meta-analysis ( 36 ). These data in subjects without cancer are comparable to those in cancer survivors, such that the dose-response curve between exercise volume and change in inflammatory outcomes is not linear.…”

Physical Activity as a Modern Intervention in the Fight against Obesity-Related Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes

“…In a recent study, evidence of the effects of different long-term training interventions (aerobic, resistance and combined) and spontaneous physical activity in modifying CRP, IL-6, IL-18, IL-20, TNF-α and adipokines in patients with overweight or obesity with or without cardiometabolic diseases were investigated. The results suggested that all interventions, except spontaneous physical activity, were effective in lessening the inflammatory status [ 143 ]. A meta-analysis of twenty-six randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1239 patients with T2DM demonstrated that aerobic exercise training significantly reduced the circulating levels of CRP [ 144 ].…”

Evaluation of hormonal and circulating inflammatory biomarker profiles in the year following bariatric surgery

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