Long‐term effects of copper and ph on the nematode community in an agroecosystem

Korthals, G.W.; Bongers, T.; Kammenga, J.E.; Alexiev, Alexey D.; Lexmond, Theo M.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620150621

Cited by 171 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…That bacterial activity, measured by the thymidine incorporation technique, is very sensitive to metal pollution had been shown earlier in both laboratory (13,14) and field (35) studies. Our finding that fungal activity was less affected was in accordance with earlier studies indicating that fungi were less sensitive to heavy metals than bacteria (21,24,25,26,30). The opposite effect of heavy metals on these groups of organisms was further evident by the drastic decrease in CFU for bacteria but not for fungi found in the present study and by the increase in the relative fungal/bacterial ratio with increasing metal levels (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Metal Toxicity Affects Fungal and Bacterial Activities in Soil Differently

Ranil

Tobor-Kaplon

Bååth

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

370

204

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Although the toxic effect of heavy metals on soil microorganism activity is well known, little is known about the effects on different organism groups. The influence of heavy metal addition on total, bacterial, and fungal activities was therefore studied for up to 60 days in a laboratory experiment using forest soil contaminated with different concentrations of Zn or Cu. The effects of the metals differed between the different activity measurements. During the first week after metal addition, the total activity (respiration rate) decreased by 30% at the highest level of contamination and then remained stable during the 60 days of incubation. The bacterial activity (thymidine incorporation rate) decreased during the first days with the level of metal contamination, resulting in a 90% decrease at the highest level of contamination. Bacterial activity then slowly recovered to values similar to those of the control soil. The recovery was faster when soil pH, which had decreased due to metal addition, was restored to control values by liming. Fungal activity (acetate-in-ergosterol incorporation rate) initially increased with the level of metal contamination, being up to 3 and 7 times higher than that in the control samples during the first week at the highest levels of Zn and Cu addition, respectively. The positive effect of metal addition on fungal activity then decreased, but fungal activity was still higher in contaminated than in control soil after 35 days. This is the first direct evidence that fungal and bacterial activities in soil are differently affected by heavy metals. The different responses of bacteria and fungi to heavy metals were reflected in an increase in the relative fungal/bacterial ratio (estimated using phospholipid fatty acid analysis) with increased metal load.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Metal Toxicity Affects Fungal and Bacterial Activities in Soil Differently

Ranil

Tobor-Kaplon

Bååth

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

370

204

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“…Similar results were found for relatively mobile Cd, which even showed positive infl uence on the most sensitive nematodes from the c-p 5 group. Korthals et al, (1996b) described the tolerance of nematodes to Cd up to 160 mg.kg -1 without any signs of substantial changes in community structure. In our study, the soil Cd content was only about 40 mg.kg -1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the other components of soil ecosystem, e.g. plants, springtails or mites may have better response to the contamination and are far more sensitive to Cd (Korthals et al, 1996b) the use of nematodes to Cd biomonitoring is questionable. As showed in this paper, the ecotoxicity of some elements may considerably differ as could be predicted from the total element concentrations or available concentration, which is usually considered as one of the major factors contributing to the fi nal strength of toxicity (Schultz & Joutti, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of selected heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu) on nematode communities in experimental soil microcosm

et al. 2015

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SummaryIn this study, the effects of arsenic, cadmium, copper and chromium treatments were examined on a nematode community structure and proportion of functional groups in the microcosm for 30 days. The toxic effects on the nematode community did not correspond with metals mobility (EDTA extraction) in soil as it was expected. The most toxic element with a signifi cant degradation of community structure was chromium (low mobile), which negatively affected almost all observed ecological parameters (abundance, diversity and ecological indices). On the other hand, cadmium and arsenic infl uence was negligible even in the plots treated with the highest concentrations and the communities resembled to the control samples. Copper showed a stimulative effect on the community under low concentration (40 mg.kg -1 ), while under higher concentrations the stimulation was replaced by stress responses. The widely used ecological indices, such as the Maturity Index 2-5, Structure Index, and Shannon-Weaver Index and c-p groups showed the best bioindication potential among nematode parameters.

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“…In additon to combinations of higher nutrient rates, low pH significantly reduced the number of bacterial-feeding nematodes, whereas it increased the number of hyphalfeeding nematodes. Indirect effect of nutrient and pH via other components of the soil food web is also in question (Korthals et al, 1996). Organic content is another important fraction of the soils and it can be considered as a positive source on nematode communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil nematode communities associated with hazelnut orchards in Turkey

Akyazı¹,

Yıldız²,

Felek³

2014

J. Entomol. Nematol.

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The study was conducted to investigate the status of soil nematode communities in hazelnut orchards in Ordu province, Turkey. Nematodes were identified to genus level and allocated to trophic groups. A total of 50 taxa were found from hazelnut growing areas including 19 plant parasites, 12 bacterivorous, 4 fungivorous, 4 predators and 11 omnivorous. Genera Tylenchus (94.5%), Gracilacus (79.1%) and Helicotylenchus (56.4%) as plant parasites, Acrobeloides (68%) as bacterivores and Aphelenchoides (68.2%) as fungivorous were widespread and found in all districts. The highest abundance of plant parasites was in Kabataş (277 individual/ 100 cm 3 soil) followed by Gölköy (196.6 ind./ 100 cm 3 soil) district. Criconemella, Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus and Pratylenchus were found as important genera by means of the damage potantial on hazelnut as plant parasitic group. The other trophic groups were at desirable level for an healthy soil system.

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Long‐term effects of copper and ph on the nematode community in an agroecosystem

Cited by 171 publications

References 30 publications

Metal Toxicity Affects Fungal and Bacterial Activities in Soil Differently

Metal Toxicity Affects Fungal and Bacterial Activities in Soil Differently

Influence of selected heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu) on nematode communities in experimental soil microcosm

Soil nematode communities associated with hazelnut orchards in Turkey

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