Long-term effects of aluminium dust inhalation

Peters, Susan; Reid, Alison; Fritschi, Lin; Klerk, Nicholas de; Musk, Arthur W.

doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101487

Cited by 57 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…New risk factors have also been identified including those associated with diet such as obesity [31,71,125,185], diabetes [4,118,124] and factors associated with the immune system [12,128,141,158]. With reference to metal exposure, the case for aluminium is less strong but other metals such as zinc and copper have been implicated, and the interactions among different metals emphasised [16,86,147,156]. Recent data have also increased the probability that exposure to infectious agents could be involved [89].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent data suggest that: 1) a large number of metals could be implicated in AD pathogenesis, 2) there may be interactions among different metals, and 3) metal imbalance leading to lack of cellular homeostasis could be an important factor. Regarding the individual metals, more recent studies of aluminium report significantly increased mortality from AD among miners exposed to aluminium-rich dust [147] suggesting that some aspects of this hypothesis might be worth revisiting. In addition to aluminium [195], zinc [127,192], mercury [140], copper [86,144], manganese [45,186], cadmium [136,142], and magnesium [188] have all been suggested as risk factors for AD.…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease

Armstrong¹

2019

365

238

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Early reviews identified over 20 risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) including age, familial inheritance, exposure to aluminium, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and associated co-morbidities such as vascular disease and infection. In the light of recent evidence, this review reconsiders these risk factors, identifies those currently regarded as important, and discusses various hypotheses to explain how they may cause AD. Rare forms of early-onset familial AD (EO-FAD) are strongly linked to causal gene mutations, viz. mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin (PSEN1/2) genes. By contrast, late-onset sporadic AD (LO-SAD) is a multifactorial disorder in which age-related changes, genetic risk factors, such as allelic variation in apolipoprotein E (Apo E) and many other genes, vascular disease, TBI and risk factors associated with diet, the immune system, mitochondrial function, metal exposure, and infection are all implicated. These risk factors may act collectively to cause AD pathology: 1) by promoting the liberation of oxygen free radicals with age, 2) via environmental stress acting on regulatory genes early and later in life ('dual hit' hypothesis), or 3) by increasing the cumulative 'allostatic load' on the body over a lifetime. As a consequence, lifestyle changes which reduce the impact of these factors may be necessary to lower the risk of AD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease

Armstrong¹

2019

365

238

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“…Early studies in silicosis‐affected rabbits demonstrated that the presence of aluminium reduced the development of fibrosis, leading to the notion that inhaled aluminium powder may be effective . However, early trials in humans demonstrated not only a lack of benefit, but also there were suggestions that it may even be harmful …”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…87 However, early trials in humans demonstrated not only a lack of benefit, but also there were suggestions that it may even be harmful. 88 Given the relative success of the use of antifibrotic therapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the use of nintedanib has been tested in experimental animal models, 89 but are yet to progress to human clinical trials. Other antifibrotic agents including tadalafil are also being trialled in animal models.…”

Section: Antifibrotic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica‐associated lung disease: An old‐world exposure in modern industries

et al. 2019

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Despite silica dust exposure being one of the earliest recognized causes of lung disease, Australia, USA, Israel, Turkey and other countries around the world have recently experienced significant outbreaks of silicosis. These outbreaks have occurred in modern industries such as denim jean production, domestic benchtop fabrication and jewellery polishing, where silica has been introduced without recognition and control of the hazard. Much of our understanding of silica‐related lung disease is derived from traditional occupations such as mining, whereby workers may develop slowly progressive chronic silicosis. However, workers in modern industries are developing acute and accelerated silicosis over a short period of time, due to high‐intensity silica concentrations, oxidative stress from freshly fractured silica and a rapid pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic response. Appropriate methods of screening and diagnosis remain unclear in these workers, and a significant proportion may go on to develop respiratory failure and death. There are no current effective treatments for silicosis. For those with near fatal respiratory failure, lung transplantation remains the only option. Strategies to reduce high‐intensity silica dust exposure, enforced screening programmes and the identification of new treatments are urgently required.

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“…These range from the claims that ''chronic aluminum intake can cause Alzheimer's disease'' (Walton, 2014) and ''aluminum may be the single most aggravating and avoidable factor related to AD'' (Tomljenovic, 2011), and the more qualified ''exposure to aluminum dust may possibly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and dementia of the Alzheimer's type'' (Peters et al, 2013). Negative reports include the lack of finding of any correlation between AD incidence and occupational exposure to aluminum (Santibá ñ ez et al, 2007), and the conclusion that ''lifetime occupational exposure to Al is not likely to be an important risk factor for AD'' (Flaten, 2001).…”

Section: Inflammation Is Pronounced In the Aging Brain And This Is Fmentioning

confidence: 99%