Long-term effects of alcohol warning labels: Findings from a comparison of the United States and Ontario, Canada

Greenfield, Thomas K.; Graves, Karen; Kaskutas, Lee Ann

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6793(199905)16:3<261::aid-mar5>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 76 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Research on alcohol and cigarette warning labels has shown that these messages have been found to increase knowledge of the dangers associated with smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol (Greenfield et al 1999;Siciliano et al 2012) but not behavioral patterns. Steenbergh et al (2004) found that participants receiving a warning message stating the possible adverse effects of gambling and the odds of winning demonstrated increased knowledge but no change in gambling behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Gambling Severity and Attitudes in Adolescents: Findings from a Population-Based Study

et al. 2014

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This study used a nationally representative sample of 14,910 high school adolescents, aged 15-19 years. The large sample size presents a unique opportunity to evaluate firstly the geographical distribution of gambling prevalence, secondly, on a subsample of 5,920 adolescents, we studied the association of "no-problem-gambling", "at-risk gambling" and a relatively rare condition, "problem gambling", with demographic, environmental and behavioral variables. It differs from other studies due to the broad sample, thus enabling the combined analysis of the above variables that typically have only been studied separately. This integrated analysis, involving multiple variables, individual and environmental, allows the control of important covariates. Multivariate analysis showed that at-risk/problem gamblers were more likely to be engaged in behaviors contrary to social rules/law including heavy episodic drinking, tranquillizer/sedatives use as well as to approve gambling and have friends who gamble. It's important to emphasize that risk-perception is not related to gambling. Furthermore, the great geographical variability of at-risk and problem-gambling rates suggest that social aspects have to be considered. Currently universal prevention specifically targeting gambling is lacking, thus an associative model such as social analysis have been implemented in this study, in order to construct the basis for the design of a future prevention program based on scientific results and thus having important implications for implementation within community based activities. Prevention is fundamental: 53.5% of underage individuals have engaged in gambling even though legislation attempts to restrict access.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Gambling Severity and Attitudes in Adolescents: Findings from a Population-Based Study

et al. 2014

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“…Evaluations of this measure have found some effects on knowledge and attitudes, but little effect on drinking behaviours [3][4][5]. These evaluations, largely undertaken in the USA, are a limited test of the utility of labels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory study of drinkers views of health information and warning labels on alcohol containers

Thomson

Vandenberg

Fitzgerald

2011

Drug and Alcohol Review

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“…Age and proficiency with spoken English were the only eligibility criteria. In-person interviews were completed with 61% of eligible women identified, a rate that is comparable or superior to completion rates for surveys that were conducted solely by telephone (e.g., Greenfield, Graves, & Kaskutas, 1999;Welte, Barnes, Wieczorek, Tidwell, & Parker, 2001). The sample matched closely the characteristics of the local population.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Reciprocal Relationship Between Sexual Victimization and Sexual Assertiveness

Livingston¹,

Testa²,

VanZile-Tamsen³

2007

Violence Against Women

121

106

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Low sexual assertiveness has been proposed as a possible mechanism through which sexual revictimization occurs, yet evidence for this has been mixed. In this study, prospective path analysis was used to examine the relationship between sexual refusal assertiveness and sexual victimization over time among a community sample of women. Results provide support for a reciprocal relationship, with historical victimization predicting low sexual assertiveness and low sexual assertiveness predicting subsequent victimization. The effect of recent sexual victimization on subsequent sexual assertiveness also was replicated prospectively. These findings suggest that strengthening sexual assertiveness may help reduce vulnerability to future victimization. Keywordsrevictimization; sexual assault; sexual assertiveness A large body of research reveals that women who have experienced sexual victimization are at increased risk of being revictimized, yet the mechanisms by which revictimization occurs are not well understood (e.g., Gidycz, Coble, Latham, & Layman, 1993;Gidycz, Hanson, & Layman, 1995;Messman-Moore & Long, 2000. Identifying and understanding these mechanisms are critical to prevention. Psychological vulnerability is thought to be one of the mechanisms through which women's risk of sexual revictimization is increased (see MessmanMoore & Long [2003] for a review). Psychological vulnerability refers to psychological or social vulnerabilities within the victim (e.g., low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, low assertiveness) that potential perpetrators are likely to identify and act upon. This study focuses on one aspect of psychological vulnerability, sexual assertiveness, because unlike depression or anxiety, assertiveness may be amenable to change through behavioral intervention. To maximize its potential for intervention, a better understanding of the relationship between sexual assertiveness and sexual victimization is needed. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between sexual assertiveness and sexual victimization over time.Considering the role of assertiveness in sexual victimization has intuitive appeal. It is logical to assume that women who are low in assertiveness have a difficult time refusing unwanted sexual advances and may be targeted by aggressive men. Conversely, theories regarding the sequelae of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and other victimization have proposed that experiences from which one is unable to escape or avoid can result in feelings of powerlessness or learned helplessness, potentially leading the victim to believe that it is impossible to avoid or prevent future victimization (Finkelhor, 1987;Peterson & Seligman, 1983). In addition to fostering psychological distress such as depression and anxiety, such powerlessness may be translated behaviorally into a lack of assertiveness in sexual situations. It may also be that the relationship between sexual victimization and assertiveness is reciprocal. That is, history of sexual victimization contributes to low sexual ass...

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Long-term effects of alcohol warning labels: Findings from a comparison of the United States and Ontario, Canada

Cited by 76 publications

References 28 publications

Relationship Between Gambling Severity and Attitudes in Adolescents: Findings from a Population-Based Study

Relationship Between Gambling Severity and Attitudes in Adolescents: Findings from a Population-Based Study

An exploratory study of drinkers views of health information and warning labels on alcohol containers

The Reciprocal Relationship Between Sexual Victimization and Sexual Assertiveness

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