Long-term effects of a community-based intervention: 5-year follow-up of ‘Clubs against Drugs’

Abdon, Johanna Gripenberg; Wallin, Eva; Andréasson, Sven

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03573.x

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Furthermore, studies have shown that young adults are a high risk-group for drug and alcohol-related problems and this study suggest that one arena where this age group can be reached with preventive measures is at EMDEs. It is important to find settings where emerging adults can be targeted with alcohol and drug prevention programs such as Responsible Beverage Service programs [34-36], and club drug environmental strategies [10,12]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2002, STAD (Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems) initiated a multi-component community-based club drug prevention program, named "Clubs against Drugs". Program evaluations showed an increase in doormen interventions towards drug-intoxicated patrons (e.g., refused entry into the club) [10,11], a decrease in self-reported drug use among staff at licensed premises, and a decrease in staff's observed drug use among patrons [12]. Nevertheless, club drugs at licensed premises remain a major problem in the Swedish nightlife scene, and we are missing information on actual frequency rates of illicit drug use among patrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring substance use in the club setting: a feasibility study using biochemical markers

Gripenberg-Abdon

Elgán

Wallin

et al. 2012

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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BackgroundDuring the last few decades the use of club drugs (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines) has been of increased concern in nightlife settings. Traditionally, surveys have been used to estimate the use of club drugs, however, they mostly rely on self-reports which may not be accurate. Recent advances have allowed for readily accessible drug testing methods such as oral fluid drug testing. Nevertheless, research using oral fluid sampling to measure the frequency of drug use in the club environment is scarce. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of measuring the frequency of alcohol and drug use among Swedish clubbers using breath alcohol and oral fluid drug testing.MethodThe setting was a 40 hour electronic music dance event (EMDE) on a cruise ship on the Baltic Sea, departing from Sweden, with 875 passengers. Groups of participants at the EMDE were randomly invited to participate. Data were collected with face-to-face and self-administered questionnaires. Further, oral fluid samples were collected to determine illicit drug use, and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels were measured using a breath analyzer.ResultsA total of 422 passengers were asked to participate in the study whereof 21 declined (5.0% refusal rate). Of the 401 study participants (accounting for 45.8% of all attendees), 5 declined oral fluid drug testing. Results show that there was a discrepancy between self-reported and actual drug use as 10.1% of the participants were positive on illicit drug use (amphetamines, ecstasy/MDMA, cannabis, cocaine), while only 3.7% of the participants reported drug use during the last 48 hours. The average BAC level was 0.10% and 23.7% had BAC levels ≥ 0.15%, while 5.9% had levels below the detection limit. The mean BAC levels for the illicit drug users were significantly higher (p = 0.004) than for non-drug users (0.13% vs. 0.10%). Self-reported AUDIT-C scores (using a threshold of ≥ 5 for men and ≥ 4 for women) revealed that 76.0% of the men and 80.7% of the women had risky alcohol consumption patterns.ConclusionThis study indicates that it is feasible to conduct breath alcohol and oral fluid drug testing in a Swedish club setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring substance use in the club setting: a feasibility study using biochemical markers

Gripenberg-Abdon

Elgán

Wallin

et al. 2012

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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“…Researchers reported that the community readiness was high and that there was an extensive support for the program [1]. CAD did have an effect on the behaviour of doormen and led to a higher degree of intervention towards apparently drug intoxicated guests [15,16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and capacity requirements are critical for implementing and sustaining a drug prevention program: a multiple case study of “Clubs against drugs”

Norrgård

Wikström

Pickering

et al. 2014

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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Background“Clubs against drugs” (CAD) is a comprehensive program with a systems approach to prevention with the intention of preventing drug use in nightclub environment. In 2001 CAD was developed and implemented in Stockholm and was disseminated to 20 other municipalities in Sweden up until 2010. This study investigates the factors related to the implementation and compares Stockholm to the rest of the municipalities.MethodsA sequential exploratory method was used which consisted of three steps including a questionnaire and two rounds of interviews. Questionnaires included all communities and the interviews included twelve respondents from three example municipalities in the first phase and four respondents from Stockholm in the second phase. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis.ResultsIn Stockholm the program was described as having been implemented and sustained over time. The implementation in the example municipalities was perceived as difficult with many obstacles and achieving sustainability was also described as difficult. Two of three municipalities were not active at the time of this study, illustrating that the program only lasted a few years. Factors identified as being related to implementation outcomes were need assessments, participation, support, collaboration and local enthusiasts.ConclusionsThe capacity to implement and sustain CAD differed substantially between Stockholm and the other municipalities. If the prerequisites and capacity are not sufficient the implementation is not likely to be successful, even when the activities are promoted on a national level like CAD. The needs of the interventions and the capacity to implement the program should be examined before adopting the program. This was not done, probably because the drive to spread the activity was not sufficiently questioned.

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“…For this purpose, we have used a methodology where trained actors act out a standardized scene of obvious alcohol intoxication while attempting to purchase alcohol. This methodology is the most widely used, reliable, and time‐efficient with regard to studying serving and security/entry staff behavior and intervention rates toward obviously intoxicated patrons (Buvik and Rossow, ; Gliksman et al., ; Gosselt et al., ; Gripenberg et al., ; Gripenberg‐Abdon et al., ; Hughes et al., ; Rydon et al., ; Toomey et al., ; Wallin et al., , ). Moreover, the methodology has successfully been used to assess overserving at sport stadiums in the United States hosting professional hockey, basketball, baseball, and American football events (Toomey et al., ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Overserving and Allowed Entry of Obviously Alcohol‐Intoxicated Spectators at Sporting Events

Elgán

Durbeej

Holder

et al. 2017

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Overserving and allowed entry of obviously alcohol-intoxicated spectators are problematic at sporting events in Sweden and may contribute to high overall intoxication levels among spectators. The differences in server intervention rates indicate that serving staff at licensed premises inside the arenas and entrance staff are not likely to have been trained in responsible beverage service. This result underscores the need for server training among staff at the arenas.

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Long-term effects of a community-based intervention: 5-year follow-up of ‘Clubs against Drugs’

Abstract: The 'Clubs against Drugs' community-based intervention programme, a systems approach to prevention, appears to increase the frequency and effectiveness of club doormen's interventions regarding obviously drug-intoxicated guests.

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Measuring substance use in the club setting: a feasibility study using biochemical markers

Measuring substance use in the club setting: a feasibility study using biochemical markers

Environmental and capacity requirements are critical for implementing and sustaining a drug prevention program: a multiple case study of “Clubs against drugs”

Overserving and Allowed Entry of Obviously Alcohol‐Intoxicated Spectators at Sporting Events

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