Long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for Hepatitis C virus infection

Sroczynski, Gaby; Esteban, Eva; Conrads-Frank, Annette; Schwarzer, Ruth; Mühlberger, Nikolai; Wright, Davene R.; Zeuzem, Stefan; Siebert, Uwe

doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckp001

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…303 Plunkett and Grobman 304 found that screening pregnant women was not cost-effective. They assumed a 1% seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus and 48 weeks of treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, but they calculated only direct costs.…”

Section: Relative Benefits and Harms Of Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based clinical guidelines for immigrants and refugees

Pottie¹,

Greenaway²,

Feightner³

et al. 2010

Canadian Medical Association Journal

390

333

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Section: Relative Benefits and Harms Of Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based clinical guidelines for immigrants and refugees

Pottie¹,

Greenaway²,

Feightner³

et al. 2010

Canadian Medical Association Journal

390

333

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Successful treatment prevents secondary infections to HIV-positive sexual contacts and could possibly prevent spill-over to the HIV-negative population [31]. In contrast to HCV screening of the general population, HCV screening of groups with an elevated risk, like IDU, is cost-effective [52]. HIV-infected MSM have now also been recognised as a high risk group for HCV infection.…”

Section: Preventive Measures Against Viral Hepatitis In Msmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral hepatitis among men who have sex with men, epidemiology and public health consequences

et al. 2009

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Viral hepatitis causes major disease burden worldwide, due to the chronic hepatitis sequelae: cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. Transmission of viral hepatitis is a problem not only in low-income countries, but also in high-income ones where viral hepatitis is a frequently occurring infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). Although the transmission routes of the three main hepatitis viruses, A, B and C, differ, MSM mainly acquire viral hepatitis during sexual contact. Vaccination programmes (only available for hepatitis A and B), raising awareness, and screening can be used to prevent transmission. However, despite the introduction of such methods in many high-income countries, the spread of viral hepatitis among MSM is still ongoing. This paper provides an overview of sexually acquired hepatitis A, B, and C among MSM in high-income countries, using recent insights obtained through molecular epidemiology, with the aim to raise awareness, improve vaccination coverage, and stimulate prevention programs.

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“…Successful eradication of HCV has been shown to improve the prognosis of HCV-induced liver disease and reduce the associated mortality (23,27). Hence, to adequately screen individuals with an active infection is a crucial issue in areas where HCV is endemic (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen an Adequate Marker for Community Screening?

et al. 2012

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A new hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen (HCV Ag) assay was thought to have a good correlation with HCV RNA. The aim was to elucidate the usefulness of this HCV Ag assay in community screening. In a township where HCV is endemic, 405 residents aged 58 years or older responded to a follow-up community screening. All subjects were tested for anti-HCV (AxSYM, version 3.0; Abbott Diagnostics) and HCV Ag (Architect HCV Ag test; Abbott Diagnostics). For subjects with anti-HCV signal-to-cutoff ratios (S/CO) > 10 and/or HCV Ag > 3 fmol/liter, HCV RNA data (Taqman HCV RNA; Roche Diagnostics) were further checked. A total of 115 (28.4%) subjects had their serum HCV RNA levels measured, and 93 were HCV RNA positive. The other 290 subjects were supposed to be HCV RNA negative. HCV Ag was significantly correlated with HCV RNA according to the following equation: (log HCV RNA) ‫؍‬ 2.08 ؉ 1.03 (log HCV Ag) (R 2 ‫؍‬ 0.94; P < 0.001). As determined using a combination of the values for anti-HCV (S/CO > 40) and HCV Ag (>3 fmol/liter) as a cutoff to predict viremia, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 96.8%, 100%, 99.3%, 100%, and 99%, respectively. In conclusion, for a community study, HCV Ag showed good correlation with HCV RNA. In addition, anti-HCV or HCV Ag can predict HCV viremia well, while a combination of anti-HCV (>40 S/CO) and HCV Ag (>3 fmol/liter) can provide the best result validity.C hronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common etiology of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, with an estimated 170 million chronic carriers worldwide (9, 22). Successful eradication of HCV has been shown to improve the prognosis of HCV-induced liver disease and reduce the associated mortality (23,27). Hence, to adequately screen individuals with an active infection is a crucial issue in areas where HCV is endemic (24).In clinical practice, diagnosis of HCV infection in hospitals is usually based on the detection of anti-HCV antibodies in the serum. Several anti-HCV assays have been used as the common serological marker for HCV infection for more than 20 years. However, most assays cannot distinguish infected individuals with an ongoing active infection from those who have recovered from acute infection. Unlike anti-HCV antibodies, serum HCV RNA is a reliable marker for the diagnosis of an ongoing HCV infection and is usually used for monitoring anti-HCV treatment. But its high cost, and the requirement for considerable technical skill and related equipment, limit its routine use in community screening (16).The HCV core antigen (HCV Ag) possibly exists in both complete HCV virions and RNA-free core protein structures and has been detected in the serum of infected individuals (8,13,20). Several HCV Ag assays developed in the last decade have been shown to have good correlation with HCV RNA assays (3,21,25,28). Hence, these assays were used as an alternative to HCV RNA for the diagnosis of active HCV infection as well as for the monitoring of the response...

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Long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for Hepatitis C virus infection

Cited by 53 publications

References 40 publications

Evidence-based clinical guidelines for immigrants and refugees

Evidence-based clinical guidelines for immigrants and refugees

Viral hepatitis among men who have sex with men, epidemiology and public health consequences

Is Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen an Adequate Marker for Community Screening?

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