Long-term effect of seismic activities on archaeological remains: A test study from Zakynthos, Greece

Tendürüs, Melek; Wijngaarden, G.J. van; Kars, H.

doi:10.1130/2010.2471(13)

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We note that other authors suggested that peak ground velocity represents a more reliable indicator of damage than PGA (e.g., Cosenza and Manfredi, 2000;Bommer and Alarcón, 2006;Akkar and Bommer, 2007). Nevertheless, PGA forms the basis of the relationships of Atkinson and Boore (2003;presented below) and is a commonly adopted ground-motion parameter in archaeoseismological research (e.g., Wechsler et al, 2009;Hinzen et al, 2010;Tendürüs et al, 2010;Yagoda-Biran and Hatzor, 2010). Therefore, its use in the present study is Macdonald (2001), completed by Warren (1991), Knappett and Cunningham (2003), and Rucker and Niemi (2010).…”

Section: Lm Iiib Peaes: Evaluation Of Corresponding Ground-shaking Lementioning

confidence: 89%

Tracking Earthquake Archaeological Evidence in Late Minoan IIIB ( 1300-1200 B.C.) Crete (Greece): A Proof of Concept

Jusseret

Langohr

Sintubin

2013

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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Late Minoan (LM) IIIB (∼1300-1200 B.C.) represents a crucial period in the history of Bronze Age Crete, heralding the transition to the Iron Age through a wave of site destruction and abandonment. According to the traditional view, earthquakes may have played a significant role in these events. A new archaeoseismological approach is proposed to test this hypothesis and to attribute destruction and abandonment to earthquakes. Potential earthquake archaeological effects (PEAEs) are defined and documented at LM IIIB sites. Synchronisms of PEAEs between sites are based on ceramic evidence. The reliability of the PEAEs is furthermore assessed using empirical ground-motion relationships defined for three types of earthquake mechanisms that can be considered to occur in the seismotectonic context of Crete:(1) normal-faulting earthquakes located within the overriding Aegean lithosphere;(2) earthquakes located on the subduction interface or on splay faults merging with the interface at depth; (3) earthquakes within the subducting African lithosphere. In the case of LM IIIB1/early Malia and Sissi (northeastern Crete), this proof of concept is successfully applied and supports the hypothesis that seismic shaking is likely to be responsible for the PEAEs observed. A 12 October 1856 A.D.-type earthquake located within the subducting African plate is suggested as the most likely earthquake mechanism. In other LM IIIB archaeological contexts, no convincing evidence for earthquake effects could be identified. The hypothesis of a seismic storm causing the demise of Minoan Crete is not supported by our analysis of archaeological evidence.

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Section: Lm Iiib Peaes: Evaluation Of Corresponding Ground-shaking Lementioning

confidence: 89%

Tracking Earthquake Archaeological Evidence in Late Minoan IIIB ( 1300-1200 B.C.) Crete (Greece): A Proof of Concept

Jusseret

Langohr

Sintubin

2013

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…Macro and micro deterioration processes affecting the temple Using (CICS) showed that both macro and micro deterioration factors led to total disintegration of the monumental buildings and their different architectural components [62,63]. Seismic actions, as macro agents, are the most destructive factors affecting the archaeological buildings [42]. Weathering as micro agents may also cause a rapid change in the initial petro-physical properties of rocks and so limit their durability index [64].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mediterranean area is well known for its archaeological richness as well as frequent earthquakes. Many recent studies in the region are the result of collaborative work of archaeologists, seismologists, geophysicists and engineers [42]. These studies focus on finding the archaeological, geological and geomorphological evidences to identify whether or not an earthquake caused the destruction of the archaeological sites [43,44].…”

Section: Seismic Hazards Affected Nektenebo II Templementioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Factors Affecting the Archaeological Buildings in Egypt "Iii Deterioration by Severe Seismic Hazards"

Elgohary

2021

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies

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This paper is a diagnostic study and it is the 3 rd in a series of scientific articles which investigate the environmental factors that affect the archaeological buildings all over the country (Egypt). It explores the Nektenebo II temple in Bahbit El-Hagar, which is one of the most significant archeological sites in Pharaonic Egypt. It is particularly selected to assess and evaluate the deterioration conditions, which affect its components. The temple has an aggressive harmful deteriorated appearance because of severe seismic actions, especially earthquakes and unstable lands. Thus, the site is investigated via close inspection and a complimentary survey (CICS) to check the decay conditions that resulted from the severe effects of seismic actions. Moreover, it investigates some samples collected from the aforementioned monumental site using certain techniques, such as PM, SEM-EDX and XRD, in addition to define the effective physio-mechanical properties to identify the deterioration products caused by secondary environmental factors. The results asserted that the deteriorated appearances that dominate the study area are mechanical destruction (cracks and micro fissures) as well as other deterioration symptoms, such as salt crystallization, soiling and crusting, as well as crumbling and scaling.

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“…During the reconnaissance survey of the Zakynthos Archaeology Project we were able to visit most of the known find spots, however, in several cases we established that known sites were no longer recognizable or had disappeared altogether (van Wijngaarden et al, 2005, 63e64). In this framework, recent geoarchaeological studies have attempted to interpret the scarcity of archaeological remains by demonstrating the effect of landscape dynamics and intensive landuse practices to the preservation of the archaeological record (Dekker, 2007;Pieters et al, 2007;Storme, 2008;Tendürüs et al, 2008Tendürüs et al, , 2010; van Wijngaarden et al, 2005van Wijngaarden et al, , 2006van Wijngaarden et al, , 2009 van Wijngaarden, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessing the effects of geomorphological processes on archaeological densities: a GIS case study on Zakynthos Island, Greece

Gouma

Wijngaarden²,

Soetens

2011

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Long-term effect of seismic activities on archaeological remains: A test study from Zakynthos, Greece

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Tracking Earthquake Archaeological Evidence in Late Minoan IIIB ( 1300-1200 B.C.) Crete (Greece): A Proof of Concept

Tracking Earthquake Archaeological Evidence in Late Minoan IIIB ( 1300-1200 B.C.) Crete (Greece): A Proof of Concept

The Environmental Factors Affecting the Archaeological Buildings in Egypt "Iii Deterioration by Severe Seismic Hazards"

Assessing the effects of geomorphological processes on archaeological densities: a GIS case study on Zakynthos Island, Greece

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