Long-Term Durability of Passive Diesel Particulate Filters on Heavy-Duty Vehicles

Kimura, Ken; Alleman, Teresa L.; Chatterjee, Sougato; Hallstrom, Kevin

doi:10.4271/2004-01-0079

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The PM mass measurement results are all comparable in magnitude. For the laboratory and standard cycle on-road tests, the mass emission levels were all below 10 mg/mi, consistent with earlier studies for a properly functioning DPF (Herner et al 2007a;Kimura et al 2004). PM emissions for the flow-of-traffic test (denoted Route 1) were higher at slightly over 26 mg/mi (6 mg/hp-h).…”

Section: Pm Mass Emissionssupporting

confidence: 73%

Evaluation of the European PMP Methodologies during On-Road and Chassis Dynamometer Testing for DPF Equipped Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Johnson

Durbin

Jung

et al. 2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study evaluated the UN-ECE Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) protocol for the measurement of solid particle number emissions under laboratory and on-road conditions for two passive diesel particle filters (DPF)-equipped medium and heavyheavy duty diesel vehicles. The PMP number emissions were lower than the European light-duty certification value (9.6 × 10 11 #/mi) for all standardized cycles, but exceeded this value during some higher load on-road driving conditions. Particle number measurements were generally less variable than those of the PM mass for the on-road testing, but had comparable or greater variability than PM mass for the laboratory measurements due to outliers. These outliers appear to be real events that are not apparent with integrated filter methods. The particle number measurements for the low cut point CPCs (3-7 nm) below the PMP system were approximately an order of magnitude higher than those for the PMP-compliant CPC (23 nm), indicating the presence of a large fraction of solid sub-23 nm particles. Although such particles are defined as solid by the PMP method, their actual state is unknown. Nucleation particles with a large sulfate contribution formed under a variety of conditions when the exhaust temperature near the DPF exceeded a "critical" temperature, typically >300• C.

show abstract

Section: Pm Mass Emissionssupporting

confidence: 73%

Evaluation of the European PMP Methodologies during On-Road and Chassis Dynamometer Testing for DPF Equipped Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Johnson

Durbin

Jung

et al. 2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…12 The longest durability study to date, 3.5 yr, tested the CRT devices and reported a 13% increase in NO x emissions during that time period. 11 However, the authors conclude that this increase is not statistically significant because of the variability that was present in the yearly variability of each subsequent test. The devices tested in the study presented here have been in-use for nearly 5 yr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…4 There has been extensive evaluation of these retrofit devices, including durability testing on chassis dynamometers. [11][12][13] These studies have been, understandably, focused more on the reductions of PM and to a lesser extent CO and HCs; however, there has been little on-road, in-use evaluation of their use. One on-road study tested DPF and DOC retrofits on school buses on a controlled track with a simulated driving mode and loads.…”

Section: School Busesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Road, In-Use Gaseous Emission Measurements by Remote Sensing of School Buses Equipped with Diesel Oxidation Catalysts and Diesel Particulate Filters

Burgard

Provinsal

2009

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A remote sensing device was used to obtain on-road and in-use gaseous emission measurements from three fleets of schools buses at two locations in Washington State. This paper reports each fleet's carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) mean data. The fleets represent current emission retrofit technologies, such as diesel particulate filters and diesel oxidation catalysts, and a control fleet. This study shows that CO and HC emissions decrease with the use of either retrofit technology when compared with control buses of the same initial emission standards. The CO and HC emission reductions are consistent with published U.S. Environmental Protection Agency verified values. The total oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), NO, and the NO 2 /NO x ratio all increase with each retrofit technology when compared with control buses. As was expected, the diesel particulate filters emitted significantly higher levels of NO 2 than the control fleet because of the intentional conversion of NO to NO 2 by these systems. Most prior research suggests that NO x emissions are unaffected by the retrofits; however, these previous studies have not included measurements from retrofit devices on-road and after nearly 5 yr of use. Two 2006 model-year buses were also measured. These vehicles did not have retrofit devices but were built to more stringent new engine standards. Reductions in HCs and NO x were observed for these 2006 vehicles in comparison to other non-retrofit earlier model-year vehicles.

show abstract

“…This formed NO 2 will further react with the soot around 300°C. As the NO conversion to NO 2 is both thermodynamically and kinetically controlled, the excess NO in the exhaust gas is necessary compared with soot (NO/ soot >20) in order to realise a significant soot oxidation around 300°C [2]. The main disadvantages of the catalysed soot traps arise from their durability and resistance to the SO 3 poisoning, especially when used in heavy-duty applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though the improvements in the modern diesel engine design and combustion process will lead to decreased emissions of both NO x (NO + NO 2 , mainly present as NO) and particulates (soot or carbon particulates), these are not enough to meet the future legislations. During most of the diesel engine operation period the exhaust gas temperatures are around 300°C and that temperature is too low for initiating continuous un-catalysed soot oxidation with O 2 or NO 2 [2]. Therefore, the heat necessary for soot burning is generated by diesel fuel oxidation (active regeneration), which is an inefficient process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pt–Ce-soot generated from fuel-borne catalysts: soot oxidation mechanism

Kamasamudram

Makkee

2007

Top Catal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soot containing Ce-, Pt-, Pt-Ce-, Fe-, and Cu-fuel-borne catalysts is generated in a diesel engine, is characterised by XRD, and studied in oxidation with O 2 and NO + O 2 under various reaction conditions. Fe-, Pt-Ce-and Ce-soot are oxidised at lower temperature with O 2 , compared with Pt-soot, and the opposite trend is observed with NO + O 2 . NO is oxidised to NO 2 more efficiently over Pt-soot and decreased the soot oxidation temperature by about 150°C, compared with Ce-, Fe-or Pt-Ce-soot. On the other hand, NO 2 is most efficiently utilised over the Pt-Ce-and Ce-soot. The soot oxidation under the different feed gas conditions demonstrates that nitrate species are involved in the oxidation of Ce-and Pt-Ce-soot. The oxidation species with the decreasing order of activity are: (1) nitrates, (2) NO 2 , (3) lattice oxygen, and (4) gas-phase oxygen. All the above species are involved in the oxidation of Pt-Ce-soot.

show abstract

Long-Term Durability of Passive Diesel Particulate Filters on Heavy-Duty Vehicles

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of the European PMP Methodologies during On-Road and Chassis Dynamometer Testing for DPF Equipped Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Evaluation of the European PMP Methodologies during On-Road and Chassis Dynamometer Testing for DPF Equipped Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

On-Road, In-Use Gaseous Emission Measurements by Remote Sensing of School Buses Equipped with Diesel Oxidation Catalysts and Diesel Particulate Filters

Pt–Ce-soot generated from fuel-borne catalysts: soot oxidation mechanism

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About