Long-term diet of the chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>) in Taï National Park: interannual variations in consumption

Bi, Zoro Bertin Goné; Wittig, Roman M.

doi:10.1017/9781108674218.016

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This unexpected sex difference could possibly be related to diet, with subadult females engaging more in nut‐cracking (Boesch & Boesch, 1984). Subadult males do engage in hunting and meat eating, but meat is less than 1% of the overall diet (Bertin & Wittig, 2019; Boesch & Boesch, 1989). Other studies have suggested that meat must make up 90% of a diet before influencing 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios, due to low concentrations of Sr and Ca (Burton & Price, 2002; Burton & Wright, 1995; Runia, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These isotopic mismatches could be related to variation in nutrient sources and/or variation in sampled plants' rooting depths (Grimstead et al, 2017). Chimpanzees tend to consume foods from a variety of sources (fruit, leaves, bark, pith, termites, ants, and primates) (Bertin & Wittig, 2019), resulting in a mixed dietary 87 Sr/ 86 Sr signal relative to any single measured plant, which will primarily obtain its 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios from the immediate soil substrate (Wright, 2005). Another possible explanation is that there is variation in rooting depths for the tree species sampled in this study ( Sarcophrynium brachystachyum , Musanga cecropioides , Parkia bicolor , Afzelia bella , Sterculia oblonga , Coula edulis , and Dialium aubrevillei ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strontium isotopes track female dispersal in Taï chimpanzees

Boucher,

Wittig,

Lemoine

et al. 2024

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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ObjectivesChimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are patrilocal, with males remaining in their natal community and females dispersing when they reach sexual maturity. However, the details of female chimpanzee dispersal, such as their possible origin, are difficult to assess, even in habituated communities. This study investigates the utility of 87Sr/86Sr analysis for (1) assessing Sr baseline differences between chimpanzee territories and (2) identifying the status (immigrant or natal) of females of unknown origin within the territories of five neighboring communities in Taï National Park (Côte d'Ivoire).Materials and MethodsTo create a local Sr isoscape for the Taï Chimpanzee Project (TCP) study area, we sampled environmental samples from TCP‐established territories (n = 35). To assess dispersal patterns, 34 tooth enamel samples (one per individual) were selected from the Taï chimpanzee skeletal collection. 87Sr/86Sr analysis was performed on all 69 samples at the W.M. Keck Lab. The theoretical density and overlap of chimpanzee communities as well as generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to test each question.Results87Sr/86Sr ratios for natal male chimpanzees ranged from 0.71662 to 0.72187, which is well within the corresponding environmental baseline range of 0.70774–0.73460. The local Sr isoscapes fit was estimated with the root‐mean‐square error value, which was 0.0048 (22% of the whole 87Sr/86Sr data range). GLMMs identified significant differences in 87Sr/86Sr ratios between natal and unknown North community origin groups, suggesting that after 1980, females of unknown origin could be immigrants to North community (n = 7, z‐ratio = −4.08, p = 0.0001, power = 0.94).DiscussionThis study indicates that 87Sr/86This study indicates that 87Sr/86Sr analysis can successfully identify immigrant females in skeletal collections obtained from wild chimpanzee communities, enabling the tracking of female dispersal patterns historically. There are, however, significant limitations within the scope of this study, such as (1) the absence of reliable maps for the TCP study area, (2) limited capacity for environmental sampling, (3) small sample sizes, and (4) tooth formation in wild chimpanzees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strontium isotopes track female dispersal in Taï chimpanzees

Boucher,

Wittig,

Lemoine

et al. 2024

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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“…The literature on food combinations in wild primate diets is surprisingly sparse, even in well‐studied species such as chimpanzees. While wild chimpanzee diets have been evaluated at many of the long‐term chimpanzee field sites (e.g., Gombe: Wrangham, 1975; Budongo: Newton‐Fisher, 1999; Tweheyo et al, 2004; Villioth, 2018; Ngogo: Watts et al, 2012; Mahale: Itoh & Nakamura, 2015; Fongoli: Pruetz, 2006; Caiquene‐Cadique: Bessa et al, 2015; Bossou: Hockings et al, 2009; Sugiyama & Koman, 1987; Goualougo: Morgan & Sanz, 2006; Taï: Goné Bi & Wittig, 2019; Bulindi: McLennan, 2013), food combinations—for medicinal use or otherwise—have yet to be systematically studied (though see Klein et al, 2008; Krief et al, 2005; Pebsworth et al, 2019; Villalba et al, 2017). As more studies are conducted on the bioactivity of putative medicinal resources, however, it appears increasingly possible that the sequential ingestion of resources may enhance medicinal benefits for medicators through synergistic chemical interactions (Krief et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying collocation and APRIORI analyses to chimpanzee diets: Methods for investigating nonrandom food combinations in primate self‐medication

Freymann,

d'Oliveira Coelho,

Hobaiter

et al. 2024

American J Primatol

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Identifying novel medicinal resources in chimpanzee diets has historically presented challenges, requiring extensive behavioral data collection and health monitoring, accompanied by expensive pharmacological analyses. When putative therapeutic self‐medicative behaviors are observed, these events are often considered isolated occurrences, with little attention paid to other resources ingested in combination. For chimpanzees, medicinal resource combinations could play an important role in maintaining well‐being by tackling different symptoms of an illness, chemically strengthening efficacy of a treatment, or providing prophylactic compounds that prevent future ailments. We call this concept the self‐medicative resource combination hypothesis. However, a dearth of methodological approaches for holistically investigating primate feeding ecology has limited our ability to identify nonrandom resource combinations and explore potential synergistic relationships between medicinal resource candidates. Here we present two analytical tools that test such a hypothesis and demonstrate these approaches on feeding data from the Sonso chimpanzee community in Budongo Forest, Uganda. Using 4 months of data, we establish that both collocation and APRIORI analyses are effective exploratory tools for identifying binary combinations, and that APRIORI is effective for multi‐item rule associations. We then compare outputs from both methods, finding up to 60% agreement, and propose APRIORI as more effective for studies requiring control over confidence intervals and those investigating nonrandom associations between more than two resources. These analytical tools, which can be extrapolated across the animal kingdom, can provide a cost‐effective and efficient method for targeting resources for further pharmacological investigation, potentially aiding in the discovery of novel medicines.

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“…Thus, we tested an alternative ecological hypothesis to the maternal hypotheses. Chimpanzees rely heavily on ephemeral ripe fruits for nutrients, with availability differing among seasons and forest type (primary versus secondary rainforest ( Gone Bi and Wittig, 2019 ; Wessling et al., 2018 )). Sufficient fruit availability in a territory may enhance chimpanzee immatures’ condition, physical maturation, and enhance investment in the development of social traits ( Tkaczynski et al., 2020b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%