“…Compared with HCTs, osmotic tensiometers (OTs) can measure a high soil suction by using polymer to increase the osmotic pressure of the water inside the tensiometer (Bocking and Fredlund, 1979;Bakker et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2022a;Liu et al, 2022b). This increase in the osmotic water pressure is regarded as the measuring range of the OT.…”