Long-term culture and neuronal survival after intraspinal transplantation of human spinal cord-derived neurospheres

Åkesson, Elisabet; Piao, Jinghua; Samuelsson, Eva‐Britt; Holmberg, Lena; Kjældgaard, A.; Falci, Scott; Sundström, Erik; Seiger, Åke

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.056

Cited by 61 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The extensive reconstructive and neurogenic behavior of the axolotl system contrasts with mammalian neurosphere transplantation experiments that often led to astrocyte formation and limited neurogenesis (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). A future goal will be to determine whether these differences represent intrinsic differences in the stem cell populations or in the extrinsic cues present at the injury site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstitution of the central and peripheral nervous system during salamander tail regeneration

Mchedlishvili

Mazurov

Grassme

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We show that after tail amputation in Ambystoma mexicanum (Axolotl) the correct number and spacing of dorsal root ganglia are regenerated. By transplantation of spinal cord tissue and nonclonal neurospheres, we show that the central spinal cord represents a source of peripheral nervous system cells. Interestingly, melanophores migrate from preexisting precursors in the skin. Finally, we demonstrate that implantation of a clonally derived spinal cord neurosphere can result in reconstitution of all examined cell types in the regenerating central spinal cord, suggesting derivation of a cell with spinal cord stem cell properties.neural stem cell | segmentation | Hox R egeneration of the central body axis occurs after tail amputation in salamander amphibians. During this process the spinal cord regrows, and the correct number of segmented vertebrae and myotomes are formed (1). Additionally, neural crest derivatives, such as melanophores, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), including dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and Schwann cells, are regenerated (2-4).An important challenge is to define and study the stem cells that are responsible for regenerating the CNS and PNS. Previously, we used electroporation of GFP expression plasmids into the spinal cord to identify and track the radial glial cells that contribute to regenerating the spinal cord in the salamander Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl) (5, 6). Live cell tracking showed that single cells could give rise to clones populating multiple molecular domains of the regenerating spinal cord (6). These results indicated that multipotent progenitors exist during spinal cord regeneration. Because of the transient expression of the plasmids, the long-term fate of the stem cells could not be tracked, so the origin of the PNS was not addressed.The source of neural crest derivatives in the regenerated tail has been an open question since 1885 (7). During early development the neural crest arises in the dorsal region of the neural tube, from which cells emigrate to the surroundings to form neurons and glia of PNS, smooth muscles, head skeletal elements, enteric neurons, and melanophores (8). It is not yet known conclusively, however, whether during regeneration newly regenerated neural crest structures derive from a population of neural crest-like cells that migrate out of the regenerating spinal cord or arise directly from cells in the periphery. Immunohistochemical studies using markers such as HNK1 suggested that there may be a population of cells in the lateral walls of the spinal cord with neural crest properties (4). Furthermore, morphological studies suggested that cells may migrate via the forming ventral roots to populate the spinal ganglia outside the spinal cord. Such findings could be consistent with recent findings in mouse that boundary cap cells can act as a neural crest source (9). To track the origin of neural crest structures during newt tail regeneration, Benraiss et al. (3) attempted to label spinal cord cells via biolistic transfection of a human alkaline phosph...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstitution of the central and peripheral nervous system during salamander tail regeneration

Mchedlishvili

Mazurov

Grassme

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…One important factor that might contribute to this is that neither hMSC nor rNPCs are defined homologous cell lines, succinctly there can be important variations within the cell systems transplanted. The remarkable finding that no engraftment was obtained following hNPC transplantations is even more noteworthy since the hNPCs have previously been robustly transplanted by open surgical technique (Wennersten et al 2004;Akesson et al 2007). …”

Section: Selective Intra-arterial Methods Versus Intravenous Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endovascular Methods for Stem Cell Transplantation

Lundberg¹,

Holmin²

2012

New Advances in Stem Cell Transplantation

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“…Cells derived from the two neurogenic regions of the brain have been the most thoroughly examined, but cells with neurogenic potential in vitro can be derived from subcortical white matter 141 , spinal cord 142 , filum terminale 143,144 and hypothalamus 145 . Also cells derived from the olfactory mucosa, found in the nasal cavity, contain ahNSC 146 .…”

Section: Challenges For the Generation Of Nscsmentioning

confidence: 99%