“…The repair by replacing even a small part of these pipes will lead to a reduction in the total volume of UGSS pipeline overhaul due to the specific increase in the individual sections repair cost [10][11][12]. At the same time, the degree of defects' danger, the depth of which is less than 10-15% of the wall thickness, under condition that access of corrosive medium to them is restricted, is determined by many researchers as insignificant [13][14][15][16]. At the present time, there are methods of repairing the pipelines polymer insulation, which do not allow the cracks to develop and threaten the reliability of pipelines for a long time [17,18].…”
This paper considers the factors influencing the formation and development of stress corrosion defects detected during the inspection and overhaul of the main gas pipeline section. The surveyed gas pipeline is made of large diameter steel pipes made by controlled rolling, produced by various companies, with the predominance of pipes produced by the Khartsyzsk Pipe Plant (KhPP). The correlation between the geometric parameters of defects is described, which makes it possible to estimate the depth of cracks by external parameters. Mechanical tests by cyclic loading of samples containing cracks, based on the site operation data for the last 11 years, showed no crack growth in the absence of a corrosive medium. Micro-X-ray spectral analysis of metal and corrosion products showed no trace of the influence of hydrogen sulphide and nonmetallic inclusions (sulphides) on the development process of SCC. According to the results of the research, the process of development of stress corrosion on the main gas pipelines located in the European part of the Russian Federation is described. The organization operating the gas pipeline is recommended to take into consideration the results of this work during drawing up their repair plan.
“…The repair by replacing even a small part of these pipes will lead to a reduction in the total volume of UGSS pipeline overhaul due to the specific increase in the individual sections repair cost [10][11][12]. At the same time, the degree of defects' danger, the depth of which is less than 10-15% of the wall thickness, under condition that access of corrosive medium to them is restricted, is determined by many researchers as insignificant [13][14][15][16]. At the present time, there are methods of repairing the pipelines polymer insulation, which do not allow the cracks to develop and threaten the reliability of pipelines for a long time [17,18].…”
This paper considers the factors influencing the formation and development of stress corrosion defects detected during the inspection and overhaul of the main gas pipeline section. The surveyed gas pipeline is made of large diameter steel pipes made by controlled rolling, produced by various companies, with the predominance of pipes produced by the Khartsyzsk Pipe Plant (KhPP). The correlation between the geometric parameters of defects is described, which makes it possible to estimate the depth of cracks by external parameters. Mechanical tests by cyclic loading of samples containing cracks, based on the site operation data for the last 11 years, showed no crack growth in the absence of a corrosive medium. Micro-X-ray spectral analysis of metal and corrosion products showed no trace of the influence of hydrogen sulphide and nonmetallic inclusions (sulphides) on the development process of SCC. According to the results of the research, the process of development of stress corrosion on the main gas pipelines located in the European part of the Russian Federation is described. The organization operating the gas pipeline is recommended to take into consideration the results of this work during drawing up their repair plan.
“…Table 2 shows that both heat treatment processes increased the reversible hydrogen storage capacity (RHSC), the capacity increased from 0.44 to 1.26 wt% after annealing and to 1.26 wt% in quenched the sample. The literature indicates that annealing increases hydrogen capacity [13,14]. The BCC phase enhances hydrogen capacity [11,22,29]; increases in the unit cell volume implies the availability of more hydrogen absorption sites or spaces, leading to an increase in storage capacity.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A hydrogen desorption capacity of 2.3 wt% was achieved when Ti32Cr40V25 was annealed at 1653 K for 1 min. [13]. Chuang et al [14] found that annealing atomized powder of Ti-Zr based alloy at 1123 K for 4 h greatly enhanced the discharge capacity.…”
Abstract:In this work, we investigated the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure, hydrogen storage characteristics and corrosion rate of a Ti34V40Cr24Fe2 alloy. The arc melted alloy was divided into three samples, two of which were separately quartz-sealed under vacuum and heated to 1000 °C for 1 h; one of these samples was quenched and the other furnace cooled to ambient temperature. The crystal structures of the samples were studied via X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. Absorption/desorption characteristics were investigated using a Sievert apparatus. Potentiostat corrosion tests on the alloys were performed using an AutoLab ® corrosion test apparatus and electrochemical cell. All samples exhibited a mixture of body-center-cubic (BCC) and Laves phase structures. The corrosion rate, maximum absorption, and useful capacities increased after both heat treatments. The annealed sample had the highest absorption and reversible capacity. The plateau pressure of the as-cast alloy increased after quenching. The corrosion rate increased from 0.0004 mm/y in as-cast sample to 0.0009 mm/y after annealing and 0.0017 mm/y after quenching, due to a decrease in the Cr-content of the C14 phase.
“…Vignal et al [19] revealed that the secondary HAZ was the weak point of the stainless steel welded joint for which both the average pit density and the average pit surface area were significantly larger than those in other regions. Chen et al [20] concluded that the weld in the 9Cr based martensitic steels was one of the weakest sections to pitting corrosion. Sánchez-Tovar et al [21] reported that the susceptibility to pitting attack increased in the weld of LiBr as indicated by the large negative open circuit potential.…”
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