Long-term consequences of recurrent sports concussion

Decq, Philippe; Gault, Nathalie; Blandeau, Mathias; Kerdraon, Tristan; Berkal, Miassa; ElHelou, Amine; Dusfour, Bernard; Peyrin, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.1007/s00701-015-2681-4

Cited by 73 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A recently reported study on retired national/international rugby players in France found depression and mild cognitive impairment to be more common than in controls; with depression associated with a higher frequency of self-reported concussion 41. Of interest the mean number of concussions (3) was considerably lower than in the present study (14).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Long-term health outcomes after exposure to repeated concussion in elite level: rugby union players

McMillan

McSkimming

Wainman-Lefley

et al. 2016

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry

120

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Long-term health outcomes after exposure to repeated concussion in elite level: rugby union players

McMillan

McSkimming

Wainman-Lefley

et al. 2016

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry

120

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“…* In 7 studies, retired rugby players were investigated. 13,15,17,22,31,33,54 Participants in the remaining studies included boxers (n ¼ 3) 29,57,58 and soccer athletes (n ¼ 4), 26,32,38,56 whereas other authors examined a combination of former professional and amateur athletes, including university and high school football and hockey athletes (n ¼ 12). † Of the 46 studies, 33 included a control group, ‡ and 13 did not.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Summary of quality appraisal of the included studies using the Downs studies did. 30,33,47,50,51 Decq et al 33 found that retired rugby players had a higher rate of mild cognitive disorders on a modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status than players from a variety of other sports. However, the cognitive results were not associated with reported concussions.…”

Section: Cognitive Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Sport-Related Concussion and Long-Term Clinical Cognitive Health Outcomes in Retired Athletes: A Systematic Review

Cunningham

Broglio

O’Grady

et al. 2020

Journal of Athletic Training

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Background Sport-related concussions (SRCs) are known to have short-term effects on cognitive processes, which can result in diverse clinical presentations. The long-term effects of SRC and repeated exposure to head impacts that do not result in SRC on specific cognitive health outcomes remain unclear. Objectives To synthesize and appraise the evidence base regarding cognitive health in living retired athletes with a history of head-impact exposure or SRC. Data Sources A systematic search of the EMBASE, PsycINFO, MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases was conducted from inception to April 2018 using common key words and medical subject headings related to 3 components: (1) the participant (eg, retired athlete), (2) the primary outcome measure (eg, cognitive test used), and (3) the secondary outcome measure (eg, history of sport concussion). Study Selection Cross-sectional studies of living retired male or female athletes in which at least 1 cognitive test was used as an outcome measure were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies. Data Extraction Data extraction was performed using Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Methodologic quality was assessed independently by 2 reviewers using the Downs and Black tool. Data Synthesis The search yielded 46 cross-sectional observational studies that were included in a qualitative synthesis. Most included studies (80%, n = 37) were published in the 5 years before our review. A large proportion of these studies (n = 20) included retired American National Football League players. The other research investigated professional, university, high school, and amateur retired athletes participating in sports such as American and Australian football, boxing, field and ice hockey, rugby, and soccer. The total sample consisted of 13 975 participants: 7387 collision-sport athletes, 662 contact-sport athletes, 3346 noncontact-sport athletes, and 2580 participants classified as controls. Compared with control participants or normative data, retired athletes displayed worse performance in 17 of 31 studies (55%) of memory, 6 of 11 studies (55%) of executive function, and 4 of 6 studies (67%) of psychomotor function and increased subjective concerns about cognitive function in 11 of 14 studies (79%). The authors of 13 of 46 investigations (28%) reported a frequency-response relationship, with poorer cognitive outcomes in athletes who had greater levels of exposure to head impacts or concussions. However, these results must be interpreted in light of the lack of methodologic rigor and moderate quality assessment of the included studies. Conclusions Evidence of poorer cognitive health among retired athletes with a history of concussion and head-impact exposure is evolving. Our results suggest that a history of SRC may more greatly affect the cognitive domains of memory, executive function, and psychomotor function. Retired athletes appeared to have increased self-reported cognitive difficulties, but the paucity of high-quality, prospective studies limited the conclusions that could be drawn regarding a cause-and-effect relationship between concussion and long-term health outcomes. Future researchers should consider a range of cognitive health outcomes, as well as premorbid ability, in diverse samples of athletes with or without a history of concussion or head-impact exposure to delineate the long-term effects of sport participation on cognitive functioning.

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“…According to this protocol, whenever an event of suspected concussion occurs, the referee will have the ability to stop the game for a maximum of three minutes, allowing physicians to evaluate their injured player. Since, recurrent concussion can make athletes susceptible to longterm neurological disorders; its assessment would be valuable in professional players (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluation of the cognitive and physical status and subjective symptoms in players that have sustained a concussion is of special importance (3)(4)(5). This can aid us in finding possible impairments that can affect balance, coordination, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline Properties of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) in Iranian Professional League Football Players

Hassanmirzae

Haratian²,

Moghadam

et al. 2017

Asian J Sports Med

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Background: SCAT3 is a standardized tool, which can evaluate injured athletes for concussion and provide us with the necessary baseline data. Like any other sport, playing football (soccer) carries a high risk of injury. Thus, this study investigated the baseline properties of SCAT3 in Iranian Professional League football players and evaluated the correlation between different factors and a history of concussion. Methods: All of the players of 16 different teams who would be participating in the 2016 -2017 Iranian Professional League (n = 368), were enrolled in this study. Completing SCAT3 was part of the pre-competition Medical assessment. Beside presenting the descriptive data, different variables were analyzed to evaluate the association with a "prior history of concussion", in order to find probable risk factors for head injuries. Results: Forty-one players have had a history of concussion in the previous year and data analysis among the different categories showed that having a history of concussion bore a significant correlation with number of symptoms and symptom severity (P values: 0.023 and 0.041, respectively). Conclusions: Athletes with a history of concussion reported an increased number of symptoms and a higher severity score, but other SCAT3 properties such as total SAC scores and M-BESS were not affected by a history of concussion. This study aids clinicians in evaluating athletes suffering injuries to the head during football matches.

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Long-term consequences of recurrent sports concussion

Cited by 73 publications

References 40 publications

Long-term health outcomes after exposure to repeated concussion in elite level: rugby union players

Long-term health outcomes after exposure to repeated concussion in elite level: rugby union players

History of Sport-Related Concussion and Long-Term Clinical Cognitive Health Outcomes in Retired Athletes: A Systematic Review

Baseline Properties of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) in Iranian Professional League Football Players

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