Long-term consequences of maternal overweight in pregnancy on offspring later health: Findings from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Eriksson, Johan G.; Sandboge, Samuel; Salonen, Minna K.; Kajantie, Eero; Osmond, Clive

doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.919728

Cited by 168 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Maternal BMI has been associated with less favorable body compositions in later adulthood among the offspring, as well as with CAD, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, and cancer 19, 20. We did not find the association to be influenced by intermediate hypertension, CAD, or type 2 diabetes mellitus, but we have not been able to adjust for adult body composition.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…The mechanisms by which maternal adiposity causes disease in the offspring are not known, but could perhaps include epigenetic changes. One hypothesis suggests that maternal and fetal overnutrition leads to permanent changes that induce vulnerability to obesity‐related health outcomes in the offspring, mediated by maternal hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and high levels of free fatty acids 20, 23. Maternal obesity has also been linked to inflammation 23.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Life Risk Factors for Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Johnson

Salonen

Kajantie

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundEarly life risk factors are associated with cardiometabolic disease, but have not been fully studied in atrial fibrillation (AF). There are discordant results from existing studies of birth weight and AF, and the impact of maternal body size, gestational age, placental size, and birth length is unknown.Methods and ResultsThe Helsinki Birth Cohort Study includes 13 345 people born as singletons in Helsinki in the years 1934–1944. Follow‐up was through national registries, and ended on December 31, 2013, with 907 incident cases. Cox regression analyses stratified on year of birth were constructed for perinatal variables and incident AF, adjusting for offspring sex, gestational age, and socioeconomic status at birth. There was a significant U‐shaped association between birth weight and AF (P for quadratic term=0.01). The lowest risk of AF was found among those with a birth weight of 3.4 kg (3.8 kg for women [85th percentile] and 3.0 kg for men [17th percentile]). High maternal body mass index (≥30 kg/m2) predicted offspring AF; hazard ratio 1.36 (95% CI 1.07–1.74, P=0.01) compared with normal body mass index (<25 kg/m2). Maternal height was associated with early‐onset AF (<65.3 years), hazard ratio 1.47 (95% CI 1.24–1.74, P<0.0001), but not with later onset AF. Results were independent of incident coronary artery disease, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsHigh maternal body mass index during pregnancy and maternal height are previously undescribed predictors of offspring AF. Efforts to prevent maternal obesity might reduce later AF in offspring. Birth weight has a U‐shaped relation to incident AF independent of other perinatal variables.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Life Risk Factors for Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Johnson

Salonen

Kajantie

et al. 2017

JAHA

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“…Participants All study participants were selected from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (HBCS) [2], the largest, best-characterised longitudinal birth cohort in the world. HBCS includes 13,345 individuals born during 1934-1944.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with an unfavourable developmental environment for the growing fetus [1] and predisposes it to morbidities in later life (fetal programming), including type 2 diabetes, especially in female offspring [2,3]. This rules against genetic determinants of disease risk because the in utero nutritional status affects male and female fetuses in different ways [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance training improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in elderly offspring of overweight and obese mothers

et al. 2015

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Aims/hypothesis Maternal obesity predisposes offspring to adulthood morbidities, including type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance have been associated with shortened telomere length. First, we aimed to investigate whether or not maternal obesity influences insulin sensitivity and its relationship with leucocyte telomere length (LTL) in elderly women. Second, we tested whether or not resistance exercise training improves insulin sensitivity in elderly frail women. Methods Forty-six elderly women, of whom 20 were frail offspring of lean/normal weight mothers (OLM, BMI ≤26.3 kg/m 2 ) and 17 were frail offspring of overweight/ obese mothers (OOM, BMI ≥28.1 kg/m 2 ), were studied before and after a 4 month resistance training (RT) intervention. Muscle insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake was measured using 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose and positron emission tomography with computed tomography during a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. Muscle mass and lipid content were measured using magnetic resonance and LTL was measured using real-time PCR. Results The OOM group had lower thigh muscle insulin sensitivity compared with the OLM group (p=0.048) but similar whole body insulin sensitivity. RT improved whole body and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in the OOM group only (p=0.004 and p=0.013, respectively), and increased muscle mass in both groups (p<0.01). In addition, in the OOM group, LTL correlated with different thigh muscle groups insulin sensitivity (ρ ≥ 0.53; p ≤ 0.05). Individuals with shorter LTL showed a higher increase in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity after training (ρ≥−0.61; p≤0.05). Conclusions/interpretation Maternal obesity and having telomere shortening were associated with insulin resistance in adult offspring. A resistance exercise training programme may reverse this disadvantage among offspring of obese mothers. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01931540Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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Sex differences in the association between prenatal exposure to maternal obesity and hippocampal volume in children

Luo

Chow²,

Herting

et al. 2020

Brain and Behavior

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Introduction Animal studies have shown that male but not female offspring exposed to maternal obesity have abnormal hippocampal development. Similar sex differences were observed in animal models of developmental programming by prenatal stress or maternal diabetes. We aimed to translate this work into humans by examining sex‐specific effects of exposure to maternal obesity on hippocampal volume in children. Methods Eighty‐eight children (37 boys and 51 girls) aged 7–11 years completed the study. Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was obtained from electronic medical records. A high‐resolution anatomical scan was performed using a 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Total hippocampal volume and hippocampal subfield volumes were analyzed using FreeSurfer 6.0. Linear regression was used to investigate sex differences in relationships between maternal prepregnancy BMI and child hippocampal volume. Results Maternal prepregnancy BMI ranged from 19.0 to 50.4 kg/m2. We observed a significant interaction between maternal prepregnancy BMI and sex on total hippocampal volume (p < .001) such that boys (r = −.39, p = .018) but not girls (r = .11, p = .45) had a significant negative relationship between maternal prepregnancy BMI and total hippocampal volume. This relationship in boys remained significant after adjusting for child and maternal covariates (β = −126.98, p = .012). The sex interactions with prepregnancy BMI were consistently observed in hippocampal subfields CA1 (p = .008), CA2/3 (p = .016), CA4 (p = .002), dentate gyrus (p < .001), and subiculum (p < .001). Conclusions Our results support findings in animal models and suggest that boys may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of exposure to maternal obesity on hippocampal development than girls.

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Long-term consequences of maternal overweight in pregnancy on offspring later health: Findings from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Abstract: Our findings stress the importance of early prevention of overweight and obesity in women of child-bearing age.

Cited by 168 publications

References 24 publications

Early Life Risk Factors for Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Early Life Risk Factors for Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Resistance training improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in elderly offspring of overweight and obese mothers

Sex differences in the association between prenatal exposure to maternal obesity and hippocampal volume in children

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