Long-Term Changes in Water Quality of Masan Bay, Korea

Kim, Dong-Seon; Lee, Chan-Won; Choi, Sang‐Hwa; Kim, Young Ok

doi:10.2112/jcoastres-d-11-00165.1

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 1, the discharge of domestic sewage (orange) and land-used waste (green) is estimated to be 3,800 and 3,600 kg day −1 , respectively, representing the dominant N sources. The massive nutrient loading has resulted in the deterioration of water quality in JB; it has become the most eutrophic bay along the Korean coast (Kim D. et al, 2012;Kwon et al, 2014). As a result, JB has suffered from chronic anthropogenically derived environmental problems, such as seasonal hypoxia, water quality deterioration, and harmful algal blooms (Lim et al, 2006;Kim et al, 2014).…”

Section: General Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia in Korean Coastal Waters: A Case Study of the Natural Jinhae Bay and Artificial Shihwa Bay

et al. 2018

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Several coastal regions in Korea have suffered from hypoxia since the 1970s. We present the first review of Korean coastal hypoxia, focusing on its spatiotemporal variation, controlling factors, and effects on marine ecosystems. The review considers the two hotspots of the natural Jinhae Bay (JB) and artificial Shihwa Bay (SB), which are referred to as "Korean dead zones." The hypoxia in the JB is attributed to eutrophication due to domestic and land-used waste input and thermal stratification based on the naturally sluggish water circulation, whereas the hypoxia in the SB is due to eutrophication resulting from domestic, land-used, and industrial waste input and haline stratification as a consequence of the artificially created water stagnation. The bottom-water hypoxia and stratification has led to an imbalance in nitrogen:phosphorus ratio between surface and bottom waters. Hypoxia has also created undesirable benthic community changes in the both bays: (1) mass mortality of large species and recolonization with elevated abundances of opportunists in JB, and (2) decrease of the number of species, abundance, and diversity of benthic communities in SB. Therefore, it behooves us to pay attention to these environmental changes. This review will be helpful in determining the direction of future studies of Korean coastal hypoxia.

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Section: General Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia in Korean Coastal Waters: A Case Study of the Natural Jinhae Bay and Artificial Shihwa Bay

et al. 2018

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“…Jinhae Bay was the first region in South Korea reported to experience harmful algal blooms (HABs) due to eutrophication, and in 1967, mass mortality events on oyster farms caused by hypoxia from large-scale HABs were reported [24]. Therefore, to improve the water quality in Jinhae Bay, several projects have been implemented, including the dredging of the bottom sediment and the construction of wastewater treatment plants, which have improved the water quality by reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) concentrations [25]. Long-term (2000 and 2012) analysis of the nutrient concentrations also showed a marked decrease, demonstrating an improvement in the water quality of the region [26].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Parameters Related to Hypoxia Development and Persistence in Jinhae Bay from 2011 to 2016 and Their Potential for Hypoxia Prediction

Shim,

Ye,

Kim

et al. 2023

JMSE

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Jinhae Bay, a semi-enclosed bay on the southern coast of Korea, is a major aquaculture area that forms a spawning ground and nursery for commercially important fishes. Since the late 1960s, industrial and domestic waste from adjacent cities and industrial complexes has been released into the region, resulting in chronic hypoxia and red tides. As a central site of environmental monitoring efforts for aquaculture and fisheries in southeastern Korea, Jinhae Bay was surveyed every 2 months usually, and every 2–3 weeks during the hypoxia season, with the seawater properties observed at approximately 31–34 stations. The maximum area and duration of hypoxia in Jinhae Bay occurred in 2016 (316 km2 and 26 weeks, respectively), with minima of area in 2013 (213 km2) and duration in 2011 (15 weeks). Correlation analyses of the seawater properties, weather parameters, and hypoxia indices showed that the hypoxic area was positively correlated with the surface-water temperature, air temperature, and rainfall; the minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations were negatively correlated with the air and water temperatures and bottom-water nutrient levels; and the water stability was negatively correlated with the surface-water salinity and positively correlated with both the surface- and bottom-water nitrate and silicate concentrations. These findings imply that the air temperature and precipitation may be important factors in the development and persistence of hypoxia in Jinhae Bay via the control of the stratification intensity and eutrophication of the water column. Therefore, we tested these parameters for their potential to predict hypoxia. Based on our results, we propose the following trends of hypoxia in Jinhae Bay: the initial hypoxia development generally depends on the criteria of an air temperature ≥ 19.5 °C for 1 week and total precipitation > 100 mm over 4 weeks, and it becomes more severe (≥50% coverage) under strong eutrophication, mainly due to organic matter discharge following heavy rainfall, based on the logarithmic correlation with the 4-week rainfall (R2 = 0.6). Therefore, the hypoxic area index can be predicted using its linear regression relationships with the 1-week air temperature and 4-week precipitation (R2 = 0.56). This study tested the prediction of the hypoxic area based on a simple calculation method and weather parameter criteria, and it demonstrated the potential of this method for precisely forecasting hypoxia in combination with biogeochemical models or other mathematical solutions to prevent massive fishery damage.

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“…Nitrogen and phosphorus rapidly increased in 1985 and maintained 1.0 mg/L as TN and 0.03 mg/L as PO4 -P, respectively. Kim et al (2012) investigated the annual variation of seawater quality in nutrients, COD, and dissolved oxygen (DO) at three stations in Masan Bay from 1995 to 2005. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration decreased significantly at all stations after 2001, whereas the dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentration showed no distinct annual variation.…”

Section: Ecosystem Recovery Of Masan and Bongam Urban Tidal Flatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local governance for ecosystem recovery of an urban tidal flat in Masan Bay, Korea

Lee

Jeon

et al. 2019

Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs

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Since 1970, the Masan Bay and its vicinity have long been the center of national economic growth for Korea. However, the bay and its estuary got drastically polluted due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. The Bongam tidal flat, as a brackish estuary of Masan Bay, is located in the center of Changwon city, and situated near the Changwon industrial complex zone. The Community Advisory Council (CAC) for Masan Bay established since 2005 as a legal organization of local governance for ecosystem recovery. The loading of COD to the tidal flat of Bay mouth through streams gradually was reduced from 2,090 kg/d in 2006 to 432 kg/d in 2016 by the holistic efforts of local governance. The experience of local governance shows the procedure of how they recovered an urban tidal flat, as well as Masan Bay, and how stakeholders participated and worked together. The lessons learned include the relevance and impacts of coordination mechanisms in conflict resolution even though there was rivalry, competition, and different constituency expectations among stakeholders. In this case study, we also illustrate how the CAC could facilitate stronger cooperation and coordination with relevant agencies at the national and local levels.

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Long-Term Changes in Water Quality of Masan Bay, Korea

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Hypoxia in Korean Coastal Waters: A Case Study of the Natural Jinhae Bay and Artificial Shihwa Bay

Hypoxia in Korean Coastal Waters: A Case Study of the Natural Jinhae Bay and Artificial Shihwa Bay

Environmental Parameters Related to Hypoxia Development and Persistence in Jinhae Bay from 2011 to 2016 and Their Potential for Hypoxia Prediction

Local governance for ecosystem recovery of an urban tidal flat in Masan Bay, Korea

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