Long-term changes in tropospheric ozone

Oltmans, S. J.; Lefohn, Allen S.; Harris, Joyce M.; Galbally, Ian E.; Scheel, H. E.; Bodeker, G. E.; Brunke, Ernst-Günther; Claude, H.; Tarasick, D. W.; Johnson, B. J.; Simmonds, Peter; Shadwick, Douglas S.; Anlauf, K. G.; Hayden, K. L.; Schmidlin, F. J.; Fujimoto, Toshifumi; Akagi, K.; Meyer, C. P.; Nichol, Sylvia; Davies, J.; Redondas, Alberto; Cuevas, E.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.029

Cited by 343 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Attention was drawn, however, to the importance of intercontinental transport of O 3 and its precursors in contributing to 'background' concentrations of O 3 at remote sites, particularly in the northern hemisphere. The more recent review (Oltmans et al, 2006) confirmed these observations for mid-latitude sites in the Northern Hemisphere, including Japan -a result that is somewhat surprising given the recent large increases in O 3 precursor emissions in China and India (Streets and Waldhoff, 2000). Data from vertical profiles, however, indicate a recent increase in O 3 concentrations at higher altitudes in the troposphere which may be related to changes in transport patterns.…”

Section: Evidence For Recent Trends In Ground-level Ozone Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…In this context, a 'background' station is one that is remote from sources of precursor pollutants. A more recent review of 'background' sites included both surface measurements and ozonesonde data from higher in the troposphere (Oltmans et al, 2006). However, because O 3 is a secondary pollutant (i.e.…”

Section: Evidence For Recent Trends In Ground-level Ozone Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface ozone concentrations and ecosystem health: Past trends and a guide to future projections

Cape

2008

Science of The Total Environment

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This paper reviews current understanding of the sources and sinks of ozone in the troposphere, recent studies of long-term trends, and the factors which have to be taken into consideration when constructing and interpreting future models of ozone concentration. The factors controlling surface O 3 concentrations are discussed initially to provide a basis for the ensuing discussion, followed by a summary of the evidence for recent trends in ground-level ozone concentrations, i.e. over the past 3 decades, which have shown a significant increase in the annual average in 'background' air typical of the unpolluted northern hemisphere. Closer to precursor sources, although urban winter concentrations have increased, rural peak spring and summer concentrations during ozone 'episodes' have decreased markedly in response to emissions reductions. In order to determine whether such trends are meaningful, the statistical techniques for determining temporal trends are reviewed. The possible causes of long-term trends in ozone are then discussed, with particular reference to the use of chemistry-transport models to interpret past trends. Such models are also used to make predictions of future trends in surface ozone concentrations, but few are comprehensive in integrating future climate changes with changes in land use and in emissions of ozone precursors. Guidance is given on the likely effects of climate/precursor/chemistry interactions so that model predictions can be judged.

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Section: Evidence For Recent Trends In Ground-level Ozone Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Evidence For Recent Trends In Ground-level Ozone Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface ozone concentrations and ecosystem health: Past trends and a guide to future projections

Cape

2008

Science of The Total Environment

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“…'Acid rain' and ozone are the most studied secondary pollutants, as far as forest effects are concerned, and while amounts of wet-deposited acidity (and sulphate and nitrate) have decreased, there are still large areas of Europe and North America that exceed the Critical Loads for forests (Hettelingh et al, 1995). Moreover, the increasing industrialisation of India, China and south-east Asia is leading to a gradual increase in the 'background' concentrations of ozone across the northern hemisphere, with several studies demonstrating that long-range (intercontinental) transport of ozone and/or its precursors is affecting annual average ozone concentrations across the whole hemisphere (Auvray and Bey, 2005, Derwent et al, 2006, Jaffe et al, 2003, Jonson et al, 2006, Oltmans et al, 2006, Vingarzan, 2004. This gradual increase in 'background' ozone is set against a pattern of decreasing severity of peak ozone concentrations during episodes, which can be attributed to the effects of emission controls, particularly on VOCs (Derwent et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of forests with secondary air pollutants: Some challenges for future research

Cape

2008

Environmental Pollution

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“…In the northern hemisphere, at temperate latitudes, the contemporary daily O 3 concentration range between 20 and 65 ppb (Akimoto, 2003;Vingarzan, 2004;Oltmans et al, 2006), with an average of about 40 ppb (Ehhalt et al, 2001, Wittig et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of tropospheric ozone on the Euro-Mediterranean vegetation

Anav

Menut

Khvorostyanov

et al. 2011

Global Change Biology

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The impact of ozone (O 3 ) on European vegetation is largely under-investigated, despite huge areas of Europe are exposed to high O 3 levels and which are expected to increase in the next future. We studied the potential effects of O 3 on photosynthesis and leaf area index (LAI) as well as the feedback between vegetation and atmospheric chemistry using a land surface model (ORCHIDEE) at high spatial resolution (30 km) coupled with a chemistry transport model (CHIMERE) for the whole year 2002. Our results show that the effect of tropospheric O 3 on vegetation leads to a reduction in yearly gross primary production (GPP) of about 22% and a reduction in LAI of 15-20%. Larger impacts have been found during summer, when O 3 reaches higher concentrations. During these months the maximum GPP decrease is up to 4 g C m À2 day À1 , and the maximum LAI reduction is up to 0.7 m 2 m À2 . Since CHIMERE uses the LAI computed by ORCHIDEE to estimate the biogenic emissions, a LAI reduction may have severe implications on the simulated atmospheric chemistry. We found a large change in O 3 precursors that however leads to small changes in tropospheric O 3 concentration, while larger changes have been found for surface NO 2 concentrations.

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Long-term changes in tropospheric ozone

Cited by 343 publications

References 44 publications

Surface ozone concentrations and ecosystem health: Past trends and a guide to future projections

Surface ozone concentrations and ecosystem health: Past trends and a guide to future projections

Interactions of forests with secondary air pollutants: Some challenges for future research

Impact of tropospheric ozone on the Euro-Mediterranean vegetation

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